DEVELOPERS-HINTS - wine - Git at Google

 This document should help new developers get started. Like all of Wine, it
 is a work in progress.


 SOURCE TREE STRUCTURE
 =====================

 The Wine source tree is loosely based on the original Windows modules.
 Most of the source is concerned with implementing the Wine API, although
 there are also various tools, documentation, sample Winelib code, and
 code specific to the binary loader.  Note that several of the libraries
 listed here are "stubbed out", meaning they still need to be implemented.

 DLLs (under dlls/):
 -------------------

 	activeds/		- Active Directory Service Interface
 	advapi32/		- Crypto, systeminfo, security, eventlogging
 	advpack/		- Reads and verifies .INF files
 	amstream/               - MultiMedia Streams
 	atl/			- Active Template Library
 	avicap32/		- AVI capture window class
 	avifil32/		- COM object to play AVI files
 	cabinet/		- Cabinet file interface
 	capi2032/		- Wrapper library for CAPI4Linux access
 	cards/                  - Card graphics
 	cfgmgr32/		- Config manager
 	comcat/			- Component category manager
 	comctl32/		- Common controls
 	comdlg32/               - Common dialog boxes (both 16 & 32 bit)
 	crtdll/			- Old C runtime library
 	crypt32/		- Cryptography
 	cryptdll/		- Cryptography Manager
 	ctl3d32/          	- 3D Effects for Common GUI Components
 	d3d8/			- Direct3D (3D graphics)
 	d3d9/			- Direct3D (3D graphics)
 	d3dim/			- Direct3D Immediate Mode
 	d3drm/			- Direct3D Retained Mode
 	d3dx8/			- Direct3D (3D graphics)
 	d3dxof/			- DirectX Files Functions
 	dbghelp/                - Engine for symbol and module enumeration
 	dciman32/		- DCI Manager (graphics)
 	ddraw/			- DirectDraw (graphics)
 	devenum/		- Device enumeration (part of DirectShow)
 	dinput/			- DirectInput (device input)
 	dinput8/		- DirectInput (device input)
 	dmband/			- DirectMusic Band
 	dmcompos/		- DirectMusic Composer
 	dmime/			- DirectMusic Interactive Engine
 	dmloader/		- DirectMusic Loader
 	dmscript/		- DirectMusic Scripting
 	dmstyle/		- DirectMusic Style Engine
 	dmsynth/		- DirectMusic Software Synthesizer
 	dmusic/			- DirectMusic Core Services
 	dmusic32/		- DirectMusic Legacy Port
 	dnsapi/			- DNS support
 	dplay/			- DirectPlay (networking)
 	dplayx/			- DirectPlay (networking)
 	dpnet/                  - DirectPlay (networking)
 	dpnhpast/		- DirectPlay NAT Helper PAST
 	dsound/			- DirectSound (audio)
 	dswave/			- DirectMusic Wave
 	dxdiagn/                - DirectX Diagnostic Tool
 	gdi/			- GDI (graphics)
 	glu32/			- OpenGL Utility library (graphics)
 	glut32/			- OpenGL Utility Toolkit
 	gphoto2.ds/             - Contains libgphoto2 based TWAIN datasource driver
 	hhctrl.ocx/             - HHCTRL OCX implementation
 	iccvid/			- Radius Cinepak Video Decoder
 	icmp/			- ICMP protocol (networking)
 	ifsmgr.vxd/		- IFSMGR VxD implementation
 	imaadp32.acm/		- IMA ADPCM Audio Codec
 	imagehlp/		- PE (Portable Executable) Image Helper lib
 	imm32/			- Input Method Manager
 	iphlpapi/       	- IP Helper API
 	itss/			- Infotech Structured Storage (HTML Help)
 	kernel/			- The Windows kernel
 	lz32/			- Lempel-Ziv compression/decompression
 	mapi32/			- Mail interface
 	mciavi32/		- MCI video driver
 	mcicda/ 		- MCI audio CD driver
 	mciseq/			- MCI MIDI driver
 	mciwave/                - MCI wave driver
 	midimap/		- MIDI mapper
 	mlang/			- Multi Language Support
 	mmdevldr.vxd/		- MMDEVLDR VxD implementation
 	monodebg.vxd/		- MONODEBG VxD implementation
 	mpr/			- Multi-Protocol Router (networking)
 	mprapi/			- Multi-Protocol Router Administration
 	msacm32/                - Audio Compression Manager (multimedia)
 	msacm32.drv/            - Audio mapper
 	msadp32.acm/		- MS ADPCM Audio Codec
 	mscms/			- Color Management System
 	msdmo/			- DirectX Media Objects
 	msftedit/		- Rich text editing control (Version 4.1)
 	msg711.acm/		- MS G711 Audio Codec (includes A-Law & MU-Law)
 	mshtml/			- MS HTML component
 	msi/			- Microsoft Installer
 	msimg32/		- Gradient and transparency (graphics)
 	msisys.ocx/             - System information
 	msnet32/		- Network interface
 	msrle32/		- Video codecs
 	msvcrt/			- C runtime library
 	msvcrt20/		- C runtime library version 2.0
 	msvcrt40/		- C runtime library version 4.0
 	msvcrtd/		- C runtime library debugging
 	msvfw32/		- 16 bit video manager
 	msvidc32/		- Microsoft Video-1 Decoder
 	mswsock/		- Misc networking
 	msxml3/			- MSXML Class Factory
 	netapi32/		- Network interface
 	newdev/			- New Hardware Device Library
 	ntdll/			- NT implementation of kernel calls
 	ntdsapi/                - NT Directory Service Provider
 	objsel/			- Object Picker Dialog
 	odbc32/			- Open DataBase Connectivity driver manager
 	odbccp32/		- Open DataBase Connectivity driver installer
 	ole32/			- 32 bit OLE 2.0 libraries
 	oleacc/			- OLE accessibility support
 	oleaut32/		- 32 bit OLE 2.0 automation
 	olecli32/		- 16 bit OLE client
 	oledlg/			- OLE 2.0 user interface support
 	olepro32/		- 32 bit OLE 2.0 automation
 	olesvr32/		- 16 bit OLE server
 	opengl32/		- OpenGL implementation (graphics)
 	powrprof/		- Power Management and Profiling
 	psapi/			- Process Status interface
 	qcap/			- DirectShow runtime
 	quartz/			- DirectShow runtime
 	rasapi32/		- Remote Access Server interface
 	riched20/		- Rich text editing control (Version 2.0 and 3.0)
 	riched32/		- Rich text editing control
 	rpcrt4/			- Remote Procedure Call runtime
 	rsabase/		- RSA encryption
 	rsaenh/			- Crypto API (DES, 3DES, RSA, etc.)
 	sane.ds/                - Contains sane based TWAIN datasource driver
 	secur32/                - Contains Windows Security functions
 	security/               - Security Support Provider Interface
 	sensapi/		- System Event Notification Service
 	serialui/		- Serial port property pages
 	setupapi/		- Setup interface
 	sfc/			- System File Checker (Windows File Protection)
 	shdocvw/		- Shell document object and control
 	shell32/		- COM object implementing shell views
 	shfolder/		- Shell folder service
 	shlwapi/		- Shell Light-Weight interface
 	snmpapi/		- SNMP protocol interface (networking)
 	spoolss/		- Spooler Subsystem Library ("spooler" - Service)
 	stdole2.tlb/		- OLE Automation typelib
 	stdole32.tlb/		- Standard OLE typelib
 	sti/			- Still Image service
 	tapi32/			- Telephone interface
 	twain_32/		- TWAIN Imaging device communications
 	unicows/		- Unicows replacement (Unicode layer for Win9x)
 	url/			- Internet shortcut shell extension
 	urlmon/			- URL Moniker allows binding to a URL
 	user/			- Window management, standard controls, etc.
 	usp10/			- Uniscribe Script Processor
 	uxtheme/		- Theme library
 	vdhcp.vxd/		- VDHCP VxD implementation
 	vdmdbg/			- Virtual DOS machine debug library
 	version/		- File installation library
 	vmm.vxd/		- VMM VxD implementation
 	vnbt.vxd/               - VNBT VxD implementation
 	vnetbios.vxd/		- VNETBIOS VxD implementation
 	vtdapi.vxd/		- VTDAPI VxD implementation
 	vwin32.vxd/		- VWIN32 VxD implementation
 	win32skrnl/		- 32-bit function access for 16-bit systems
 	wined3d/		- Wine internal Direct3D helper
 	winedos/		- DOS features and BIOS calls (Wine specific)
 	winemp3.acm/		- Mpeg Layer 3 Audio Codec
 	wineps.drv/             - Postscript driver (Wine specific)
 	wininet/		- Internet extensions
 	winmm/			- Multimedia (16 & 32 bit)
 	winmm/joystick/		- Joystick driver
 	winmm/winealsa/		- ALSA audio driver
 	winmm/winearts/		- aRts audio driver
 	winmm/wineaudioio/ 	- audioio audio driver
 	winmm/winejack/		- JACK audio server driver
 	winmm/winenas/		- NAS audio driver
 	winmm/wineoss/		- OSS audio driver
 	winnls32/		- National Language Support
 	winspool.drv/           - Printing & Print Spooler
 	wintab32/		- Tablet device interface
 	wintrust/		- Trust verification interface
 	wldap32/		- LDAP support
 	wnaspi32/		- 16 bit Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface
 	wow32/			- WOW subsystem
 	ws2_32/			- Sockets 2.0 (networking)
 	wsock32/		- Sockets 1.1 (networking)
 	wtsapi32/		- Terminal Services
 	x11drv/			- X11 display driver (Wine specific)

 Winelib programs (under programs/):
 -----------------------------------

 	clock/			- Graphical clock
 	cmdlgtst/		- Common dialog tests
 	control/		- Control panel
 	eject/                  - Unmount and eject removable Media
 	expand/			- Decompress Lempel-Ziv compressed archive
 	explorer/               - Desktop/Systray/HAL-Manager, Winefile-wrapper
 	hh/                     - HTML Help viewer
 	icinfo/                 - List/Configure installed Video Compressors
 	iexplore/               - Internet Explorer replacement
 	msiexec/		- Microsoft Installer frontend
 	notepad/		- Notepad replacement
 	progman/		- Program manager
 	regedit/		- Registry editor
 	regsvr32/		- Register COM server
 	rpcss/			- RPC services
 	rundll32/		- Execute DLL functions directly
 	start/			- Replacement for start.exe
 	taskmgr/		- Manage running Windows/Winelib applications
 	uninstaller/		- Remove installed programs
 	view/			- Metafile viewer
 	wcmd/			- Command line interface
 	wineboot/		- Wine bootstrap process
 	winebrowser/            - Frontend for Webbrowsers on the Host
 	winecfg/		- Wine configuration utility
 	wineconsole/		- Console
 	winedbg/		- Debugger
 	winefile/		- File manager
 	winemenubuilder/	- Helper program for building Unix menu entries
 	winemine/		- Mine game
 	winepath/		- Translate between Wine and Unix paths
 	winetest/		- Wine testing shell
 	winevdm/		- Wine virtual DOS machine
 	winhelp/		- Help viewer
 	winver/			- Windows Version Program
 	wordpad/                - Wordpad replacement skeleton


 Support programs, libraries, etc:
 ---------------------------------

 	dlls/dxerr8/		- DirectX 8 error import lib
 	dlls/dxerr9/		- DirectX 9 error import lib
 	dlls/dxguid/		- DirectX UUID import lib
 	dlls/strmiids/		- Exports class CLSIDs and interface IIDs
 	dlls/uuid/		- Windows-compatible UUID import lib
 	documentation/		- some documentation
 	include/		- Windows standard includes
 	include/msvcrt/		- MSVC compatible libc headers
 	include/wine/		- Wine specific headers
 	libs/			- the Wine libraries
 	libs/port/		- portability library
 	libs/unicode/		- Unicode support shared
 	libs/wine/		- Wine bootstrap library
 	libs/wpp/		- C preprocessor
 	loader/			- the main Wine loader
 	server/			- the Wine server
 	tools/			- various tools used to build/check Wine
 	tools/widl/		- the IDL compiler
 	tools/winapi/	- A Win32 API checker
 	tools/winebuild/	- Wine build tool
 	tools/winedump/		- a .DLL dump utility
 	tools/winegcc/		- a MinGW command line compatible gcc wrapper
 	tools/wmc/		- the message compiler
 	tools/wrc/		- the resource compiler


 IMPLEMENTING NEW API CALLS
 ==========================

 This is the simple version, and covers only Win32. Win16 is slightly
 uglier, because of the Pascal heritage and the segmented memory model.

 All of the Win32 APIs known to Wine are listed in the .spec file of
 their corresponding dll. An unimplemented call will look like (from
 gdi32.spec)
   269 stub PolyBezierTo
 To implement this call, you need to do the following four things.

 1. Find the appropriate parameters for the call, and add a prototype to
 the correct header file. In this case, that means [include/wingdi.h],
 and it might look like
   BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC, LPCVOID, DWORD);
 If the function has both an ASCII and a Unicode version, you need to
 define both and add a #define WINELIB_NAME_AW declaration. See below
 for discussion of function naming conventions.

 2. Modify the .spec file to tell Wine that the function has an
 implementation, what the parameters look like and what Wine function
 to use for the implementation. In Win32, things are simple--everything
 is 32-bits. However, the relay code handles pointers and pointers to
 strings slightly differently, so you should use 'str' and 'wstr' for
 strings, 'ptr' for other pointer types, and 'long' for everything else.
   269 stdcall PolyBezierTo(long ptr long) PolyBezierTo
 The 'PolyBezierTo' at the end of the line is which Wine function to use
 for the implementation.

 3. Implement the function as a stub. Once you add the function to the .spec
 file, you must add the function to the Wine source before it will link.
 Add a function called 'PolyBezierTo' somewhere. Good things to put
 into a stub:
   o a correct prototype, including the WINAPI
   o header comments, including full documentation for the function and
     arguments (see documentation/README.documentation)
   o A FIXME message and an appropriate return value are good things to
     put in a stub.

   /************************************************************
    *                    PolyBezierTo   (GDI32.269)
    *
    * Draw many Bezier curves.
    *
    * PARAMS
    *   hdc   [I] Device context to draw to
    *   p     [I] Array of POINT structs
    *   count [I] Number of points in p
    *
    * RETURNS
    *   Success: Non-zero.
    *   Failure: FALSE. Use GetLastError() to find the error cause.
    *
    * BUGS
    *   Unimplemented
    */
    BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC hdc, LPCVOID p, DWORD count)
    {
        /* tell the user they've got a substandard implementation */
        FIXME("(%x,%p,%d): stub\n", hdc, p, count);

        /* some programs may be able to compensate,
         * if they know what happened
         */
        SetLastError(ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
        return FALSE;    /* error value */
    }

 4. Implement and test the rest of the function.


 IMPLEMENTING A NEW DLL
 ======================

 Generic directions
 ------------------

 Apart from writing the set of needed .c files, you also need to do the
 following:

 1.  Create a directory <MyDll> where to store the implementation of
     the DLL. This directory has to be put under the dlls/ directory.
     If the DLL exists under Windows as both 16 and 32 bit DLL, you
     should have a single directory with both implementations.

 2.  Create the Makefile.in in the ./dlls/<MyDll>/ directory. You can
     copy an existing Makefile.in from another ./dlls/ subdirectory.
     You need at least to change the MODULE and C_SRCS macros.

 3.  Add the directory in ./configure.ac (in AC_OUTPUT macro at the end
     of the file to trigger the Makefile generation)

 4.  Run ./make_dlls in the dlls directory to update Makefile.in in
     that directory.

 5.  You can now regenerate ./configure file (with 'autoconf')
     and the various Makefiles (with 'configure; make depend') (run
     from the top of Wine's tree).
     You should now have a Makefile file in ./dlls/<MyDll>/

 6.  Create the .spec file for the DLL exported functions in your
     directory. Refer to 'Implementation of new API calls' earlier in
     this document for more information on this part.

 7.  You can now start adding .c files. For the .h files, if they are
     standard Windows one, put them in include/. If they are linked to
     *your* implementation of the dll, put them in your newly created
     directory.

 Debug channels
 --------------

 If you need to create a new debug channel, just add the
 WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL to your .c file(s), and use them.
 All the housekeeping will happen automatically.

 Resources
 ---------

 If you also need to add resources to your DLL, then create the .rc
 file. Add to your ./dlls/<MyDll>/Makefile.in, in the RC_SRCS macro,
 the list of .rc files to add to the DLL. See dlls/comctl32/ for an
 example of this.

 Thunking
 --------

 If you're building a 16 & 32 bit DLLs pair, then from the 32 bit code
 you might need to call 16 bit routine. The way to do it to add in the
 code, fragments like:
 /* ### Start build ### */
 extern WORD CALLBACK <PREFIX>_CallTo16_word_wwlll(FARPROC16,WORD,WORD,LONG,LONG,LONG);
 /* ### stop build ### */
 Where <PREFIX>_ is an internal prefix for your module. The first
 parameter is always of type FARPROC16. Then, you can get the regular
 list of parameters. The _word_wwlll indicates the type of return (long
 or word) and the size of the parameters (here l=>long, w=>word; which
 maps to WORD,WORD,LONG,LONG,LONG.
 You can put several functions between the Start/Stop build pair.

 You can also read the winebuild manpage for more details on this.

 Then, add to ./dlls/<MyDll>/Makefile.in a line like:

 EXTRA_OBJS = $(MODULE).glue.o

 See dlls/winmm/ for an example of this.

 MEMORY AND SEGMENTS
 ===================

 NE (Win16) executables consist of multiple segments.  The Wine loader
 loads each segment into a unique location in the Wine processes memory
 and assigns a selector to that segment.  Because of this, it's not
 possible to exchange addresses freely between 16-bit and 32-bit code.
 Addresses used by 16-bit code are segmented addresses (16:16), formed
 by a 16-bit selector and a 16-bit offset.  Those used by the Wine code
 are regular 32-bit linear addresses.

 There are four ways to obtain a segmented pointer:
   - Using the MapLS function (recommended).
   - Allocate a block of memory from the global heap and use
     WIN16_GlobalLock to get its segmented address.
   - Declare the argument as 'segptr' instead of 'ptr' in the spec file
     for a given API function.

 Once you have a segmented pointer, it must be converted to a linear
 pointer before you can use it from 32-bit code.  This can be done with
 the MapSL function.  The linear pointer can then be used freely with
 standard Unix functions like memcpy() etc. without worrying about 64k
 boundaries.  Note: there's no easy way to convert back from a linear
 to a segmented address.

 In most cases, you don't need to worry about segmented address, as the
 conversion is made automatically by the callback code and the API
 functions only see linear addresses. However, in some cases it is
 necessary to manipulate segmented addresses; the most frequent cases
 are:
   - API functions that return a pointer
   - lParam of Windows messages that point to a structure
   - Pointers contained inside structures accessed by 16-bit code.

 It is usually a good practice to used the type 'SEGPTR' for segmented
 pointers, instead of something like 'LPSTR' or 'char *'.  As SEGPTR is
 defined as a DWORD, you'll get a compilation warning if you mistakenly
 use it as a regular 32-bit pointer.


 STRUCTURE PACKING
 =================

 Under Windows, data structures are tightly packed, i.e. there is no
 padding between structure members. On the other hand, by default gcc
 aligns structure members (e.g. WORDs are on a WORD boundary, etc.).
 This means that a structure like

 struct { BYTE x; WORD y; };

 will take 3 bytes under Windows, but 4 with gcc, because gcc will add a
 dummy byte between x and y. To have the correct layout for structures
 used by Windows code, you need to embed the struct within two special
 #include's which will take care of the packing for you:

 #include "pshpack1.h"
 struct { BYTE x; WORD y; };
 #include "poppack1.h"

 For alignment on a 2-byte boundary, there is a "pshpack2.h", etc.


 NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR API FUNCTIONS AND TYPES
 ==============================================

 In order to support both Win16 and Win32 APIs within the same source
 code, the following convention must be used in naming all API
 functions and types. If the Windows API uses the name 'xxx', the Wine
 code must use:

  - 'xxx16' for the Win16 version,
  - 'xxx'   for the Win32 version when no strings are involved,
  - 'xxxA'  for the Win32 version with ASCII strings,
  - 'xxxW'  for the Win32 version with Unicode strings.

 If the function has both ASCII and Unicode version, you should then
 use the macros WINELIB_NAME_AW(xxx) or DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(xxx)
 (defined in include/windef.h) to define the correct 'xxx' function
 or type for Winelib. When compiling Wine itself, 'xxx' is _not_
 defined, meaning that code inside of Wine must always specify
 explicitly the ASCII or Unicode version.

 If 'xxx' is the same in Win16 and Win32, you can simply use the same
 name as Windows, i.e. just 'xxx'.  If 'xxx' is Win16 only, you could
 use the name as is, but it's preferable to use 'xxx16' to make it
 clear it is a Win16 function.

 Examples:

 typedef struct { /* Win32 ASCII data structure */ } WNDCLASSA;
 typedef struct { /* Win32 Unicode data structure */ } WNDCLASSW;
 typedef struct { /* Win16 data structure */ } WNDCLASS16;
 DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(WNDCLASS);

 ATOM RegisterClass16( WNDCLASS16 * );
 ATOM RegisterClassA( WNDCLASSA * );
 ATOM RegisterClassW( WNDCLASSW * );
 #define RegisterClass WINELIB_NAME_AW(RegisterClass)

 The Winelib user can then say:

     WNDCLASS wc = { ... };
     RegisterClass( &wc );

 and this will use the correct declaration depending on the definition
 of the UNICODE symbol.


 DEBUG MESSAGES
 ==============

 To display a message only during debugging, you normally write something
 like this:

         TRACE("abc...");  or
         FIXME("abc...");  or
         WARN("abc...");   or
         ERR("abc...");

 depending on the seriousness of the problem. (documentation/debugging.sgml
 explains when it is appropriate to use each of them). You need to declare
 the debug channel name at the top of the file (after the includes) using
 the WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL macro, like so:

 	WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(win);

 If your debugging code is more complex than just printf, you can use
 the macros:

 	TRACE_ON(xxx), WARN_ON(xxx), ERR_ON(xxx) and FIXME_ON(xxx)

 to test if the given channel is enabled. Thus, you can write:

 	if (TRACE_ON(win)) DumpSomeStructure(&str);

 Don't worry about the inefficiency of the test. If it is permanently
 disabled (that is TRACE_ON(win) is 0 at compile time), the compiler will
 eliminate the dead code.

 For more info about debugging messages, read:

 http://www.winehq.org/site/docs/wine-devel/debugging


 MORE INFO
 =========

 1. There is a FREE online version of the MSDN library (including
    documentation for the Win32 API) on http://msdn.microsoft.com/
    or http://www.msdn.com/

 2. Windows apilist:  http://www.mentalis.org/apilist/apilist.php

 3. http://www.sonic.net/~undoc/bookstore.html

 4. In 1993 Dr. Dobbs Journal published a column called "Undocumented Corner".

 5. www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/4942/
	This document should help new developers get started. Like all of Wine, it
	is a work in progress.


	SOURCE TREE STRUCTURE
	=====================

	The Wine source tree is loosely based on the original Windows modules.
	Most of the source is concerned with implementing the Wine API, although
	there are also various tools, documentation, sample Winelib code, and
	code specific to the binary loader. Note that several of the libraries
	listed here are "stubbed out", meaning they still need to be implemented.

	DLLs (under dlls/):
	-------------------

	activeds/ - Active Directory Service Interface
	advapi32/ - Crypto, systeminfo, security, eventlogging
	advpack/ - Reads and verifies .INF files
	amstream/ - MultiMedia Streams
	atl/ - Active Template Library
	avicap32/ - AVI capture window class
	avifil32/ - COM object to play AVI files
	cabinet/ - Cabinet file interface
	capi2032/ - Wrapper library for CAPI4Linux access
	cards/ - Card graphics
	cfgmgr32/ - Config manager
	comcat/ - Component category manager
	comctl32/ - Common controls
	comdlg32/ - Common dialog boxes (both 16 & 32 bit)
	crtdll/ - Old C runtime library
	crypt32/ - Cryptography
	cryptdll/ - Cryptography Manager
	ctl3d32/ - 3D Effects for Common GUI Components
	d3d8/ - Direct3D (3D graphics)
	d3d9/ - Direct3D (3D graphics)
	d3dim/ - Direct3D Immediate Mode
	d3drm/ - Direct3D Retained Mode
	d3dx8/ - Direct3D (3D graphics)
	d3dxof/ - DirectX Files Functions
	dbghelp/ - Engine for symbol and module enumeration
	dciman32/ - DCI Manager (graphics)
	ddraw/ - DirectDraw (graphics)
	devenum/ - Device enumeration (part of DirectShow)
	dinput/ - DirectInput (device input)
	dinput8/ - DirectInput (device input)
	dmband/ - DirectMusic Band
	dmcompos/ - DirectMusic Composer
	dmime/ - DirectMusic Interactive Engine
	dmloader/ - DirectMusic Loader
	dmscript/ - DirectMusic Scripting
	dmstyle/ - DirectMusic Style Engine
	dmsynth/ - DirectMusic Software Synthesizer
	dmusic/ - DirectMusic Core Services
	dmusic32/ - DirectMusic Legacy Port
	dnsapi/ - DNS support
	dplay/ - DirectPlay (networking)
	dplayx/ - DirectPlay (networking)
	dpnet/ - DirectPlay (networking)
	dpnhpast/ - DirectPlay NAT Helper PAST
	dsound/ - DirectSound (audio)
	dswave/ - DirectMusic Wave
	dxdiagn/ - DirectX Diagnostic Tool
	gdi/ - GDI (graphics)
	glu32/ - OpenGL Utility library (graphics)
	glut32/ - OpenGL Utility Toolkit
	gphoto2.ds/ - Contains libgphoto2 based TWAIN datasource driver
	hhctrl.ocx/ - HHCTRL OCX implementation
	iccvid/ - Radius Cinepak Video Decoder
	icmp/ - ICMP protocol (networking)
	ifsmgr.vxd/ - IFSMGR VxD implementation
	imaadp32.acm/ - IMA ADPCM Audio Codec
	imagehlp/ - PE (Portable Executable) Image Helper lib
	imm32/ - Input Method Manager
	iphlpapi/ - IP Helper API
	itss/ - Infotech Structured Storage (HTML Help)
	kernel/ - The Windows kernel
	lz32/ - Lempel-Ziv compression/decompression
	mapi32/ - Mail interface
	mciavi32/ - MCI video driver
	mcicda/ - MCI audio CD driver
	mciseq/ - MCI MIDI driver
	mciwave/ - MCI wave driver
	midimap/ - MIDI mapper
	mlang/ - Multi Language Support
	mmdevldr.vxd/ - MMDEVLDR VxD implementation
	monodebg.vxd/ - MONODEBG VxD implementation
	mpr/ - Multi-Protocol Router (networking)
	mprapi/ - Multi-Protocol Router Administration
	msacm32/ - Audio Compression Manager (multimedia)
	msacm32.drv/ - Audio mapper
	msadp32.acm/ - MS ADPCM Audio Codec
	mscms/ - Color Management System
	msdmo/ - DirectX Media Objects
	msftedit/ - Rich text editing control (Version 4.1)
	msg711.acm/ - MS G711 Audio Codec (includes A-Law & MU-Law)
	mshtml/ - MS HTML component
	msi/ - Microsoft Installer
	msimg32/ - Gradient and transparency (graphics)
	msisys.ocx/ - System information
	msnet32/ - Network interface
	msrle32/ - Video codecs
	msvcrt/ - C runtime library
	msvcrt20/ - C runtime library version 2.0
	msvcrt40/ - C runtime library version 4.0
	msvcrtd/ - C runtime library debugging
	msvfw32/ - 16 bit video manager
	msvidc32/ - Microsoft Video-1 Decoder
	mswsock/ - Misc networking
	msxml3/ - MSXML Class Factory
	netapi32/ - Network interface
	newdev/ - New Hardware Device Library
	ntdll/ - NT implementation of kernel calls
	ntdsapi/ - NT Directory Service Provider
	objsel/ - Object Picker Dialog
	odbc32/ - Open DataBase Connectivity driver manager
	odbccp32/ - Open DataBase Connectivity driver installer
	ole32/ - 32 bit OLE 2.0 libraries
	oleacc/ - OLE accessibility support
	oleaut32/ - 32 bit OLE 2.0 automation
	olecli32/ - 16 bit OLE client
	oledlg/ - OLE 2.0 user interface support
	olepro32/ - 32 bit OLE 2.0 automation
	olesvr32/ - 16 bit OLE server
	opengl32/ - OpenGL implementation (graphics)
	powrprof/ - Power Management and Profiling
	psapi/ - Process Status interface
	qcap/ - DirectShow runtime
	quartz/ - DirectShow runtime
	rasapi32/ - Remote Access Server interface
	riched20/ - Rich text editing control (Version 2.0 and 3.0)
	riched32/ - Rich text editing control
	rpcrt4/ - Remote Procedure Call runtime
	rsabase/ - RSA encryption
	rsaenh/ - Crypto API (DES, 3DES, RSA, etc.)
	sane.ds/ - Contains sane based TWAIN datasource driver
	secur32/ - Contains Windows Security functions
	security/ - Security Support Provider Interface
	sensapi/ - System Event Notification Service
	serialui/ - Serial port property pages
	setupapi/ - Setup interface
	sfc/ - System File Checker (Windows File Protection)
	shdocvw/ - Shell document object and control
	shell32/ - COM object implementing shell views
	shfolder/ - Shell folder service
	shlwapi/ - Shell Light-Weight interface
	snmpapi/ - SNMP protocol interface (networking)
	spoolss/ - Spooler Subsystem Library ("spooler" - Service)
	stdole2.tlb/ - OLE Automation typelib
	stdole32.tlb/ - Standard OLE typelib
	sti/ - Still Image service
	tapi32/ - Telephone interface
	twain_32/ - TWAIN Imaging device communications
	unicows/ - Unicows replacement (Unicode layer for Win9x)
	url/ - Internet shortcut shell extension
	urlmon/ - URL Moniker allows binding to a URL
	user/ - Window management, standard controls, etc.
	usp10/ - Uniscribe Script Processor
	uxtheme/ - Theme library
	vdhcp.vxd/ - VDHCP VxD implementation
	vdmdbg/ - Virtual DOS machine debug library
	version/ - File installation library
	vmm.vxd/ - VMM VxD implementation
	vnbt.vxd/ - VNBT VxD implementation
	vnetbios.vxd/ - VNETBIOS VxD implementation
	vtdapi.vxd/ - VTDAPI VxD implementation
	vwin32.vxd/ - VWIN32 VxD implementation
	win32skrnl/ - 32-bit function access for 16-bit systems
	wined3d/ - Wine internal Direct3D helper
	winedos/ - DOS features and BIOS calls (Wine specific)
	winemp3.acm/ - Mpeg Layer 3 Audio Codec
	wineps.drv/ - Postscript driver (Wine specific)
	wininet/ - Internet extensions
	winmm/ - Multimedia (16 & 32 bit)
	winmm/joystick/ - Joystick driver
	winmm/winealsa/ - ALSA audio driver
	winmm/winearts/ - aRts audio driver
	winmm/wineaudioio/ - audioio audio driver
	winmm/winejack/ - JACK audio server driver
	winmm/winenas/ - NAS audio driver
	winmm/wineoss/ - OSS audio driver
	winnls32/ - National Language Support
	winspool.drv/ - Printing & Print Spooler
	wintab32/ - Tablet device interface
	wintrust/ - Trust verification interface
	wldap32/ - LDAP support
	wnaspi32/ - 16 bit Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface
	wow32/ - WOW subsystem
	ws2_32/ - Sockets 2.0 (networking)
	wsock32/ - Sockets 1.1 (networking)
	wtsapi32/ - Terminal Services
	x11drv/ - X11 display driver (Wine specific)

	Winelib programs (under programs/):
	-----------------------------------

	clock/ - Graphical clock
	cmdlgtst/ - Common dialog tests
	control/ - Control panel
	eject/ - Unmount and eject removable Media
	expand/ - Decompress Lempel-Ziv compressed archive
	explorer/ - Desktop/Systray/HAL-Manager, Winefile-wrapper
	hh/ - HTML Help viewer
	icinfo/ - List/Configure installed Video Compressors
	iexplore/ - Internet Explorer replacement
	msiexec/ - Microsoft Installer frontend
	notepad/ - Notepad replacement
	progman/ - Program manager
	regedit/ - Registry editor
	regsvr32/ - Register COM server
	rpcss/ - RPC services
	rundll32/ - Execute DLL functions directly
	start/ - Replacement for start.exe
	taskmgr/ - Manage running Windows/Winelib applications
	uninstaller/ - Remove installed programs
	view/ - Metafile viewer
	wcmd/ - Command line interface
	wineboot/ - Wine bootstrap process
	winebrowser/ - Frontend for Webbrowsers on the Host
	winecfg/ - Wine configuration utility
	wineconsole/ - Console
	winedbg/ - Debugger
	winefile/ - File manager
	winemenubuilder/ - Helper program for building Unix menu entries
	winemine/ - Mine game
	winepath/ - Translate between Wine and Unix paths
	winetest/ - Wine testing shell
	winevdm/ - Wine virtual DOS machine
	winhelp/ - Help viewer
	winver/ - Windows Version Program
	wordpad/ - Wordpad replacement skeleton


	Support programs, libraries, etc:
	---------------------------------

	dlls/dxerr8/ - DirectX 8 error import lib
	dlls/dxerr9/ - DirectX 9 error import lib
	dlls/dxguid/ - DirectX UUID import lib
	dlls/strmiids/ - Exports class CLSIDs and interface IIDs
	dlls/uuid/ - Windows-compatible UUID import lib
	documentation/ - some documentation
	include/ - Windows standard includes
	include/msvcrt/ - MSVC compatible libc headers
	include/wine/ - Wine specific headers
	libs/ - the Wine libraries
	libs/port/ - portability library
	libs/unicode/ - Unicode support shared
	libs/wine/ - Wine bootstrap library
	libs/wpp/ - C preprocessor
	loader/ - the main Wine loader
	server/ - the Wine server
	tools/ - various tools used to build/check Wine
	tools/widl/ - the IDL compiler
	tools/winapi/ - A Win32 API checker
	tools/winebuild/ - Wine build tool
	tools/winedump/ - a .DLL dump utility
	tools/winegcc/ - a MinGW command line compatible gcc wrapper
	tools/wmc/ - the message compiler
	tools/wrc/ - the resource compiler



	IMPLEMENTING NEW API CALLS
	==========================

	This is the simple version, and covers only Win32. Win16 is slightly
	uglier, because of the Pascal heritage and the segmented memory model.

	All of the Win32 APIs known to Wine are listed in the .spec file of
	their corresponding dll. An unimplemented call will look like (from
	gdi32.spec)
	269 stub PolyBezierTo
	To implement this call, you need to do the following four things.

	1. Find the appropriate parameters for the call, and add a prototype to
	the correct header file. In this case, that means [include/wingdi.h],
	and it might look like
	BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC, LPCVOID, DWORD);
	If the function has both an ASCII and a Unicode version, you need to
	define both and add a #define WINELIB_NAME_AW declaration. See below
	for discussion of function naming conventions.

	2. Modify the .spec file to tell Wine that the function has an
	implementation, what the parameters look like and what Wine function
	to use for the implementation. In Win32, things are simple--everything
	is 32-bits. However, the relay code handles pointers and pointers to
	strings slightly differently, so you should use 'str' and 'wstr' for
	strings, 'ptr' for other pointer types, and 'long' for everything else.
	269 stdcall PolyBezierTo(long ptr long) PolyBezierTo
	The 'PolyBezierTo' at the end of the line is which Wine function to use
	for the implementation.

	3. Implement the function as a stub. Once you add the function to the .spec
	file, you must add the function to the Wine source before it will link.
	Add a function called 'PolyBezierTo' somewhere. Good things to put
	into a stub:
	o a correct prototype, including the WINAPI
	o header comments, including full documentation for the function and
	arguments (see documentation/README.documentation)
	o A FIXME message and an appropriate return value are good things to
	put in a stub.

	/************************************************************
	* PolyBezierTo (GDI32.269)
	*
	* Draw many Bezier curves.
	*
	* PARAMS
	* hdc [I] Device context to draw to
	* p [I] Array of POINT structs
	* count [I] Number of points in p
	*
	* RETURNS
	* Success: Non-zero.
	* Failure: FALSE. Use GetLastError() to find the error cause.
	*
	* BUGS
	* Unimplemented
	*/
	BOOL WINAPI PolyBezierTo(HDC hdc, LPCVOID p, DWORD count)
	{
	/* tell the user they've got a substandard implementation */
	FIXME("(%x,%p,%d): stub\n", hdc, p, count);

	/* some programs may be able to compensate,
	* if they know what happened
	*/
	SetLastError(ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
	return FALSE; /* error value */
	}

	4. Implement and test the rest of the function.


	IMPLEMENTING A NEW DLL
	======================

	Generic directions
	------------------

	Apart from writing the set of needed .c files, you also need to do the
	following:

	1. Create a directory <MyDll> where to store the implementation of
	the DLL. This directory has to be put under the dlls/ directory.
	If the DLL exists under Windows as both 16 and 32 bit DLL, you
	should have a single directory with both implementations.

	2. Create the Makefile.in in the ./dlls/<MyDll>/ directory. You can
	copy an existing Makefile.in from another ./dlls/ subdirectory.
	You need at least to change the MODULE and C_SRCS macros.

	3. Add the directory in ./configure.ac (in AC_OUTPUT macro at the end
	of the file to trigger the Makefile generation)

	4. Run ./make_dlls in the dlls directory to update Makefile.in in
	that directory.

	5. You can now regenerate ./configure file (with 'autoconf')
	and the various Makefiles (with 'configure; make depend') (run
	from the top of Wine's tree).
	You should now have a Makefile file in ./dlls/<MyDll>/

	6. Create the .spec file for the DLL exported functions in your
	directory. Refer to 'Implementation of new API calls' earlier in
	this document for more information on this part.

	7. You can now start adding .c files. For the .h files, if they are
	standard Windows one, put them in include/. If they are linked to
	your implementation of the dll, put them in your newly created
	directory.

	Debug channels
	--------------

	If you need to create a new debug channel, just add the
	WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL to your .c file(s), and use them.
	All the housekeeping will happen automatically.

	Resources
	---------

	If you also need to add resources to your DLL, then create the .rc
	file. Add to your ./dlls/<MyDll>/Makefile.in, in the RC_SRCS macro,
	the list of .rc files to add to the DLL. See dlls/comctl32/ for an
	example of this.

	Thunking
	--------

	If you're building a 16 & 32 bit DLLs pair, then from the 32 bit code
	you might need to call 16 bit routine. The way to do it to add in the
	code, fragments like:
	/* ### Start build ### */
	extern WORD CALLBACK <PREFIX>_CallTo16_word_wwlll(FARPROC16,WORD,WORD,LONG,LONG,LONG);
	/* ### stop build ### */
	Where <PREFIX>_ is an internal prefix for your module. The first
	parameter is always of type FARPROC16. Then, you can get the regular
	list of parameters. The _word_wwlll indicates the type of return (long
	or word) and the size of the parameters (here l=>long, w=>word; which
	maps to WORD,WORD,LONG,LONG,LONG.
	You can put several functions between the Start/Stop build pair.

	You can also read the winebuild manpage for more details on this.

	Then, add to ./dlls/<MyDll>/Makefile.in a line like:

	EXTRA_OBJS = $(MODULE).glue.o

	See dlls/winmm/ for an example of this.

	MEMORY AND SEGMENTS
	===================

	NE (Win16) executables consist of multiple segments. The Wine loader
	loads each segment into a unique location in the Wine processes memory
	and assigns a selector to that segment. Because of this, it's not
	possible to exchange addresses freely between 16-bit and 32-bit code.
	Addresses used by 16-bit code are segmented addresses (16:16), formed
	by a 16-bit selector and a 16-bit offset. Those used by the Wine code
	are regular 32-bit linear addresses.

	There are four ways to obtain a segmented pointer:
	- Using the MapLS function (recommended).
	- Allocate a block of memory from the global heap and use
	WIN16_GlobalLock to get its segmented address.
	- Declare the argument as 'segptr' instead of 'ptr' in the spec file
	for a given API function.

	Once you have a segmented pointer, it must be converted to a linear
	pointer before you can use it from 32-bit code. This can be done with
	the MapSL function. The linear pointer can then be used freely with
	standard Unix functions like memcpy() etc. without worrying about 64k
	boundaries. Note: there's no easy way to convert back from a linear
	to a segmented address.

	In most cases, you don't need to worry about segmented address, as the
	conversion is made automatically by the callback code and the API
	functions only see linear addresses. However, in some cases it is
	necessary to manipulate segmented addresses; the most frequent cases
	are:
	- API functions that return a pointer
	- lParam of Windows messages that point to a structure
	- Pointers contained inside structures accessed by 16-bit code.

	It is usually a good practice to used the type 'SEGPTR' for segmented
	pointers, instead of something like 'LPSTR' or 'char *'. As SEGPTR is
	defined as a DWORD, you'll get a compilation warning if you mistakenly
	use it as a regular 32-bit pointer.


	STRUCTURE PACKING
	=================

	Under Windows, data structures are tightly packed, i.e. there is no
	padding between structure members. On the other hand, by default gcc
	aligns structure members (e.g. WORDs are on a WORD boundary, etc.).
	This means that a structure like

	struct { BYTE x; WORD y; };

	will take 3 bytes under Windows, but 4 with gcc, because gcc will add a
	dummy byte between x and y. To have the correct layout for structures
	used by Windows code, you need to embed the struct within two special
	#include's which will take care of the packing for you:

	#include "pshpack1.h"
	struct { BYTE x; WORD y; };
	#include "poppack1.h"

	For alignment on a 2-byte boundary, there is a "pshpack2.h", etc.


	NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR API FUNCTIONS AND TYPES
	==============================================

	In order to support both Win16 and Win32 APIs within the same source
	code, the following convention must be used in naming all API
	functions and types. If the Windows API uses the name 'xxx', the Wine
	code must use:

	- 'xxx16' for the Win16 version,
	- 'xxx' for the Win32 version when no strings are involved,
	- 'xxxA' for the Win32 version with ASCII strings,
	- 'xxxW' for the Win32 version with Unicode strings.

	If the function has both ASCII and Unicode version, you should then
	use the macros WINELIB_NAME_AW(xxx) or DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(xxx)
	(defined in include/windef.h) to define the correct 'xxx' function
	or type for Winelib. When compiling Wine itself, 'xxx' is _not_
	defined, meaning that code inside of Wine must always specify
	explicitly the ASCII or Unicode version.

	If 'xxx' is the same in Win16 and Win32, you can simply use the same
	name as Windows, i.e. just 'xxx'. If 'xxx' is Win16 only, you could
	use the name as is, but it's preferable to use 'xxx16' to make it
	clear it is a Win16 function.

	Examples:

	typedef struct { /* Win32 ASCII data structure */ } WNDCLASSA;
	typedef struct { /* Win32 Unicode data structure */ } WNDCLASSW;
	typedef struct { /* Win16 data structure */ } WNDCLASS16;
	DECL_WINELIB_TYPE_AW(WNDCLASS);

	ATOM RegisterClass16( WNDCLASS16 * );
	ATOM RegisterClassA( WNDCLASSA * );
	ATOM RegisterClassW( WNDCLASSW * );
	#define RegisterClass WINELIB_NAME_AW(RegisterClass)

	The Winelib user can then say:

	WNDCLASS wc = { ... };
	RegisterClass( &wc );

	and this will use the correct declaration depending on the definition
	of the UNICODE symbol.


	DEBUG MESSAGES
	==============

	To display a message only during debugging, you normally write something
	like this:

	TRACE("abc..."); or
	FIXME("abc..."); or
	WARN("abc..."); or
	ERR("abc...");

	depending on the seriousness of the problem. (documentation/debugging.sgml
	explains when it is appropriate to use each of them). You need to declare
	the debug channel name at the top of the file (after the includes) using
	the WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL macro, like so:

	WINE_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(win);

	If your debugging code is more complex than just printf, you can use
	the macros:

	TRACE_ON(xxx), WARN_ON(xxx), ERR_ON(xxx) and FIXME_ON(xxx)

	to test if the given channel is enabled. Thus, you can write:

	if (TRACE_ON(win)) DumpSomeStructure(&str);

	Don't worry about the inefficiency of the test. If it is permanently
	disabled (that is TRACE_ON(win) is 0 at compile time), the compiler will
	eliminate the dead code.

	For more info about debugging messages, read:

	http://www.winehq.org/site/docs/wine-devel/debugging


	MORE INFO
	=========

	1. There is a FREE online version of the MSDN library (including
	documentation for the Win32 API) on http://msdn.microsoft.com/
	or http://www.msdn.com/

	2. Windows apilist: http://www.mentalis.org/apilist/apilist.php

	3. http://www.sonic.net/~undoc/bookstore.html

	4. In 1993 Dr. Dobbs Journal published a column called "Undocumented Corner".

	5. www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/4942/