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<chapter id="getting-wine">
<title>Getting Wine</title>
<para>
If you decided that you can use and want to use Wine (e.g. after
having read the <link linkend="introduction">introductory
chapter</link>), then as a first step you need to find a good
compatible Wine version that you like and that works on your
system, and after you found one, the next step is to transfer its
files to your system somehow.
This chapter is here to tell you what you need to take care of
in order to successfully accomplish these two steps.
</para>
<sect1 id="getting-download">
<title>How to download Wine?</title>
<para>
There are three different methods of how the files
belonging to Wine may be brought (downloaded) to your system:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Getting a single Wine <glossterm>package</glossterm> file
(specifically adapted to your particular system), which
contains various <glossterm>binary</glossterm> files of Wine</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Getting a single compressed archive file (usually .tar.gz), which contains
all <glossterm>source code</glossterm> files of a standard Wine
release version</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Downloading from a <glossterm>CVS</glossterm> server,
which contains the very latest development source code files
of Wine</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<sect2 id="getting-which-wine">
<title>Which Wine form should I pick?</title>
<para>
Now that we told you about the different Wine distribution
methods available, let's discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of the various methods.
</para>
<variablelist>
<title>Wine distribution methods</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Wine package file</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Intended user level: Beginner to Advanced
</para>
<para>
Using Wine package files is easy for three
reasons:
They install everything else that's needed for their
operation, they usually preconfigure a lot, and you
don't need to worry about compiling anything or so.
However, the Wine Team doesn't have "official" packages.
All Wine packages are being offered by external groups,
with often slightly inaccurate or quite inaccurate Wine
environment setup.
Also, a package you downloaded might turn out to be
partially incompatible with your particular system
configuration.
Thus it might actually be <emphasis>better</emphasis>
to compile Wine from source and completely install it
on your own, by following the instructions in this
Guide.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Wine source code via archive file</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Intended user level: Advanced to Expert
</para>
<para>
A Wine source code archive file can be used
if you want to compile your own standard Wine release.
By using differential patch files to newer Wine versions,
you can easily upgrade your outdated Wine directory.
However, as you need to manually download patch files
and you're only able to download the most current
standard Wine release, this is not necessarily the
best method to use.
The only advantage a Wine source archive has is that it
is a standard Wine release with less development
"quirks" than current CVS code. Except for that, CVS
source code is much preferred and almost as easy.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Wine source code via CVS checkout</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Intended user level: Advanced to Expert/Developer
</para>
<para>
The Wine CVS checkout offers the best way to take
part in bleeding edge Wine capabilities and
development, since you'll be able to download every
single CVS commit even <emphasis>beyond</emphasis> the
last official Wine release.
As upgrading a Wine CVS checkout tree to the latest
version is very easy, this is a recommended method
of installing Wine.
Plus, by carefully following the instructions in this
Guide, you'll be able to gain the very best Wine
environment compatibility (instead of falling victim
to package maintainers who fail to follow some
instructions in the Wine Packagers Guide).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
To summarize, the "best" way to install Wine is to download
Wine source code via CVS to get the newest code (which might
be unstable!). Then you could easily compile and install the
Wine files manually. The final configuration part (writing the
configuration file and setting up the drive environment) could then
be handled by WineSetupTk. All in all the best way to go,
except for the about 500MB of disk space that you'll need.
</para>
<para>
With source code archive files, you have the advantage that you're
running standard release versions, plus you can update to
newer versions via patch files that we release.
You won't have the newest code and the flexibility offered by CVS,
though.
</para>
<para>
About binary package files: not sure. There's about a zillion
reasons to not like them as much as you'd think: they may be
outdated, they may not include "everything", they are
<emphasis>not</emphasis> optimized for your particular
environment (as opposed to a source compile, which would guess
and set everything based on your system), they frequently fail
to provide a completely configured Wine environment.
On the plus side: they're pretty easy to install and they
don't take as much space as a full-blown source code compile.
But that's about it when it comes to their advantages.
So I'd say they are OK if you want to have a
<emphasis>quick</emphasis> way to have a test run of Wine, but
for prolonged Wine use, configuring the environment on your
own is probably better.
Eventually this will change (we'll probably do some packaging
efforts on our own at some time), but at the current explosive
rate of Wine development, staying as close as possible to the
actual Wine development that's going on is the way to go.
</para>
<para>
If you are running a distribution of Linux or some other
system that uses packages to keep track of installed software,
you should be in luck: A prepackaged version of Wine
should already exist for your system.
The following sections will tell you how to find the latest
Wine packages and get them installed. You should be careful,
though, about mixing system packages between different distributions,
and even from different versions of the same distribution.
Often a package will only work on the distribution which it
has been compiled for. We'll cover
<link linkend="getting-dist-debian">Debian Linux</link>,
<link linkend="getting-dist-redhat">Red Hat Linux</link>,
<link linkend="getting-freebsd">FreeBSD</link>, and
<link linkend="getting-other">other</link> distributions.
</para>
<para>
If you're not lucky enough to have a package available for
your operating system, or if you'd prefer a newer version of
Wine than already exists as a package, you will need to
download the Wine source code and compile it yourself on your
own machine. Don't worry, it's not too hard to do this,
especially with the many helpful tools that come with Wine.
You don't need any programming experience to compile and
install Wine, although it might be nice to have some minor
UNIX administrative skills. Working from the source is
covered in the Wine Developer's Guide.
The main problem with externally maintained package files is
that they lack a standard configuration method, and in fact
they often fail to configure Wine's Windows environment
properly (which is outlined in the Wine Packagers Guide).
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="getting-wine-package">
<title>Getting a Wine package</title>
<sect2 id="getting-dist-debian">
<title>Debian Linux</title>
<para>
In most cases on a Debian system (or any other distribution that
uses packages that use the file name ending .deb, for that
matter), you can download and install Wine with a
single command, as <glossterm>root</glossterm>:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt># </><userinput>apt-get install wine</>
</screen>
<para>
<command>apt-get</command> will connect to a Debian archive
across the Internet (thus, you must be online), then download
the Wine package and install it on your system. End of story.
You might first need to properly update your package setup,
though, by using an <glossterm>editor</glossterm> as
<glossterm>root</glossterm> to add an entry to
<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> to point to an active
package server and then running <command>apt-get
update</command>.
</para>
<para>
Once you're done with that step, you may skip the Wine
installation chapter, since apt-get has not only downloaded,
but also installed the Wine files already.
Thus you can now go directly to the <link
linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link>.
</para>
<para>
However, if you don't want to or cannot use the automatic
download method for .deb packages that
<command>apt-get</command> provides, then please read on.
</para>
<para>
Of course, Debian's pre-packaged version of Wine may not be
the most recent release. If you are running the stable
version of Debian, you may be able to get a slightly newer
version of Wine by grabbing the package from the so-called
"unstable" Debian distribution, although this may be a little
risky, depending on how far the unstable distribution has
diverged from the stable one. You can find a list of Wine
binary packages for the various Debian releases using the
package search engine at <ulink
url="http://www.debian.org">www.debian.org</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
If you downloaded a separate .deb package file (e.g. a newer
Wine release as stated above) that's not part of your
distribution and thus cannot be installed via
<command>apt-get</command>, you must use <command>dpkg</command> instead.
For instructions on how to do this, please proceed to the
<link linkend="installing">Installation section</link>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-dist-redhat">
<title>Red Hat Linux</title>
<para>
Red Hat users can use <ulink url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/">
rpmfind.net</ulink> to track down available Wine RPM binaries.
<ulink url="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/WByName.html">This
page</ulink> contains a list of all rpmfind packages that start with
the letter "W", including a few Wine packages.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-freebsd">
<title>FreeBSD</title>
<para>
In order to use Wine you need to build and install a new kernel
with options USER_LDT, SYSVSHM, SYSVSEM, and SYSVMSG.
</para>
<para>
If you want to install Wine using the FreeBSD port system, run
in a <glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>su -</>
<prompt># </><userinput>cd /usr/port/emulators/</>
<prompt># </><userinput>make</>
<prompt># </><userinput>make install</>
<prompt># </><userinput>make clean</>
</screen>
<para>
This process will get wine source from the Internet,
then download the Wine package and install it on your system.
</para>
<para>
If you want to install Wine from the FreeBSD CD-ROM, run in a
<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>su -</>
<prompt># </><userinput>mount /cdrom</>
<prompt># </><userinput>cd /cdrom/packages/All</>
<prompt># </><userinput>pkg_add wine_.X.X.X.tgz</>
</screen>
<para>
</para>
<para>
These FreeBSD install instructions completely install the
Wine files on your system; you may then proceed to the <link
linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-other">
<title>Other systems</title>
<para>
The first place you should look if your system isn't
specifically mentioned above is the <ulink
url="http://www.winehq.com/download/">WineHQ Download
Page</ulink>. This page lists many assorted archives of
binary (precompiled) Wine files.
</para>
<para>
You could also try to use
<ulink url="http://www.google.com/search?q=wine+package+download">
Google</ulink> to track down miscellaneous distribution packages.
</para>
<note>
<para>
If you are running a Mandrake system, please see the page
on how to get Wine for a
<link linkend="getting-dist-redhat">Red Hat</link> system,
as Mandrake is based on Red Hat.
</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<!-- *** Add other distributions, e.g., SUSE, Slackware *** -->
</sect1>
<sect1 id="getting-wine-source">
<title>Getting Wine source code</title>
<para>
If you are going to compile Wine (instead of installing binary
Wine files), either to use the most recent code possible or to
improve it, then the first thing to do is to obtain a copy of
the source code. We'll cover how to retrieve and compile the
official source releases from the <link
linkend="getting-source-ftp">FTP archives</link>, and also how
to get the cutting edge up-to-the-minute fresh Wine source code
from <link linkend="getting-source-cvs">CVS (Concurrent Versions
System)</link>.
</para>
<para>
Once you have downloaded Wine source code according to the
instructions below, there are two ways to proceed: If you want
to manually install and configure Wine, then go to the <link
linkend="compiling">Compiling</link> section. If instead you
want automatic installation, then go straight to the <link
linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link> to make
use of <command>wineinstall</command> to automatically install
and configure Wine.
</para>
<para>
You may also need to know how to apply a source code patch to
your version of Wine. Perhaps you've uncovered
a bug in Wine, reported it to the
<ulink url="http://bugs.winehq.org">Wine Bugzilla</ulink>
or the
<ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.com">Wine mailing list</ulink>,
and received a patch from a developer to hopefully fix the
bug. We will show you how to
<link linkend="getting-upgrading-patch">safely apply the
patch</link> and revert it if it doesn't work.
</para>
<sect2 id="getting-source-ftp">
<title>Getting Wine Source Code from an FTP Archive</title>
<para>
The safest way to grab the source is from one of the official
FTP archives. An up to date listing is in the <ulink
url="http://www.winehq.com/source/ANNOUNCE">ANNOUNCE</ulink>
file in the Wine distribution (which you would have if you
already downloaded it). Here is a list
of FTP servers carrying Wine:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/">
ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/
</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/linux/sunsite/ALPHA/wine/development/">
ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/linux/sunsite/ALPHA/wine/development/
</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/linux/mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/ALPHA/wine/development/">
ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/linux/mirrors/sunsite.unc.edu/ALPHA/wine/development/
</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://orcus.progsoc.uts.edu.au/pub/Wine/development/">
ftp://orcus.progsoc.uts.edu.au/pub/Wine/development/
</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The official releases are tagged by date with the format
"Wine-<replaceable>YYYYMMDD</>.tar.gz". Your best bet is to grab
the latest one.
</para>
<para>
I'd recommend placing the Wine archive file that you chose
into the directory where you intend to extract Wine. In this
case, let's just assume that it is your home directory.
</para>
<para>
Once you have downloaded a Wine archive file, we need to
extract the archive file. This is not very hard to do. First
switch to the directory containing the file you just
downloaded. Then extract the source in a
<glossterm>terminal</glossterm> with (e.g.):
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>tar xvzf wine-<replaceable>20030115</>.tar.gz</>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Just in case you happen to get a Wine archive that uses
<filename>.tar.bz2</filename> extension instead of
<filename>.tar.gz</filename>:
Simply use <command>tar xvjf</command> in that case instead.
</para>
<para>
Since you now have a fully working Wine source tree by
having followed the steps above, you're now well-prepared to
go to the Wine installation and configuration steps that follow.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-source-cvs">
<title>Getting Wine Source Code from CVS</title>
<!-- this part is sort of duplicated in cvs.sgml
(this representation is meant to be a very short intro
instead, but it's similar). Please don't forget to update both!
-->
<para>
This part is intended to be quick and easy, showing the bare minimum
of what is needed to download Wine source code via CVS.
If you're interested in a very verbose explanation of CVS or
advanced CVS topics (configuration settings, CVS mirror servers,
other CVS modules on WineHQ, CVSWeb, ...), then please read
the full CVS chapter in the Wine Developer's Guide.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>CVS installation check</title>
<para>
First you need to make sure that you have <command>cvs</command>
installed.
To check whether this is the case, please run in a
<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs</>
</screen>
<para>
If this was successful, then you should have gotten a nice CVS
"Usage" help output. Otherwise (e.g. an error "cvs: command
not found") you still need to install a CVS package for your
particular operating system, similar to the instructions given
in the chapters for getting and installing a Wine package on
various systems.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Configuring Wine-specific CVS settings</title>
<para>
First, you should do a
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>touch ~/.cvspass</>
</screen>
<para>
to create or update the file <filename>.cvspass</filename> in
your home directory, since CVS needs this file (for password
and login management) and will complain loudly if it doesn't exist.
</para>
<para>
Second, we need to create the file
<filename>.cvsrc</filename> in your home directory
containing the CVS configuration settings needed for a valid
Wine CVS setup (use CVS compression, properly update file and
directory information, ...).
The content of this file should look like the following:
<programlisting>
cvs -z 3
update -PAd
diff -u
checkout -P
</programlisting>
Create the file with an <glossterm>editor</glossterm>
of your choice, either by running
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>&lt;editor&gt; ~/.cvsrc</>
</screen>
, where &lt;editor&gt; is the editor you want to use (e.g.
<command>joe</command>, <command>ae</command>,
<command>vi</command>),
or by creating the file <filename>.cvsrc</filename> in your
home directory with your favourite graphical editor like nedit, kedit,
gedit or others.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Downloading the Wine CVS tree</title>
<para>
Once CVS is installed and the Wine specific CVS
configuration is done, you can now do a login on our CVS
server and checkout (download) the Wine source code.
First, let's do the server login:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com:/home/wine login</>
</screen>
<para>
If <command>cvs</command> successfully connects to the CVS server,
then you will get a "CVS password:" prompt.
Simply enter "cvs" as the password (the password is
<emphasis>case sensitive</emphasis>: no capital letters!).
</para>
<para>
After login, we are able to download the Wine source code tree.
Please make sure that you are in the directory that you want
to have the Wine source code in (the Wine source code will
use the subdirectory <filename>wine/</filename> in this
directory, since the subdirectory is named after the CVS module
that we want to check out). We assume that your current directory
might be your user's home directory.
To download the Wine tree into the subdirectory <filename>wine/</filename>, run:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com:/home/wine checkout wine</>
</screen>
<para>
Downloading the CVS tree might take a while (some minutes
to few hours), depending on your connection speed.
Once the download is finished, you should keep a note of
which directory the newly downloaded
<filename>wine/</filename> directory is in, by running
<command>pwd</command> (Print Working Directory):
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>pwd</>
</screen>
<para>
Later, you will be able to change to this directory by
running:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd <replaceable>&lt;some_dir&gt;</></>
</screen>
<para>
, where &lt;some_dir&gt; is the directory that
<command>pwd</command> gave you.
By running
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd wine</>
</screen>
<para>
, you can now change to the directory of the Wine CVS tree
you just downloaded. Since you now have a fully working Wine
source tree by having followed the steps above, you're now
well-prepared to go to the Wine installation and configuration
steps that follow.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-updating-cvs">
<title>Updating the Wine CVS tree</title>
<para>
After a while, you might want to update your Wine CVS tree to
the current version.
Before updating the Wine tree, it might also be a good idea
to run <command>make uninstall</command> as root in order to
uninstall the installation of the previous Wine version.
</para>
<para>
To proceed with updating Wine, simply <command>cd</command>
to the Wine CVS tree directory, then run:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>make distclean</>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com:/home/wine update</>
</screen>
<para>
The <command>make distclean</command> part is optional, but
it's a good idea to remove old build and compile configuration
files before updating to a newer Wine version. Once the CVS
update is finished, you can proceed with installing Wine again
as usual.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="getting-upgrading-patch">
<title>Updating Wine with a Patch</title>
<para>
If you got Wine source code (e.g. via a tar archive file), you
have the option of applying patches to the source tree to
update to a newer Wine release or to fix bugs and add
experimental features. Perhaps you've found a bug, reported
it to the <ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.com">Wine
mailing list</>, and received a patch file to fix the bug.
You can apply the patch with the <command>patch</> command,
which takes a streamed patch from <filename>stdin</>:
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd wine</>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 &lt;<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.diff</></>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To remove the patch, use the <parameter>-R</> option:
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 -R &lt;<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.diff</></>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If you want to do a test run to see if the patch will apply
successfully (e.g., if the patch was created from an older or
newer version of the tree), you can use the
<parameter>--dry-run</> parameter to run the patch
without writing to any files:
<screen>
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 --dry-run &lt;<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.d
iff</></>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
<command>patch</> is pretty smart about extracting
patches from the middle of a file, so if you save an email with
an inlined patch to a file on your hard drive, you can invoke
patch on it without stripping out the email headers and other
text. <command>patch</> ignores everything that doesn't
look like a patch.
</para>
<para>
The <parameter>-p0</> option to <command>patch</>
tells it to keep the full file name from the patch file. For example,
if the file name in the patch file was
<filename>wine/programs/clock/main.c</>.
Setting the <parameter>-p0</> option would apply the patch
to the file of the same name i.e.
<filename>wine/programs/clock/main.c </>.
Setting the <parameter>-p1</> option would strip off the
first part of the file name and apply
the patch to <filename>programs/clock/main.c</>.
The <parameter>-p1</> option would be useful if you named your
top level wine directory differently than the person who sent
you the patch. For the <parameter>-p1</> option
<command>patch</> should be run from the top level wine
directory.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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