/*
 * Copyright 2011-2014 Henri Verbeet for CodeWeavers
 * Copyright 2012-2013 Stefan Dösinger for CodeWeavers
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 */
#define COBJMACROS

#include "wine/test.h"
#include "d3d.h"

struct create_window_thread_param
{
    HWND window;
    HANDLE window_created;
    HANDLE destroy_window;
    HANDLE thread;
};

static BOOL compare_color(D3DCOLOR c1, D3DCOLOR c2, BYTE max_diff)
{
    if (abs((c1 & 0xff) - (c2 & 0xff)) > max_diff) return FALSE;
    c1 >>= 8; c2 >>= 8;
    if (abs((c1 & 0xff) - (c2 & 0xff)) > max_diff) return FALSE;
    c1 >>= 8; c2 >>= 8;
    if (abs((c1 & 0xff) - (c2 & 0xff)) > max_diff) return FALSE;
    c1 >>= 8; c2 >>= 8;
    if (abs((c1 & 0xff) - (c2 & 0xff)) > max_diff) return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

static DWORD WINAPI create_window_thread_proc(void *param)
{
    struct create_window_thread_param *p = param;
    DWORD res;
    BOOL ret;

    p->window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ret = SetEvent(p->window_created);
    ok(ret, "SetEvent failed, last error %#x.\n", GetLastError());

    for (;;)
    {
        MSG msg;

        while (PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
            DispatchMessageA(&msg);
        res = WaitForSingleObject(p->destroy_window, 100);
        if (res == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
            break;
        if (res != WAIT_TIMEOUT)
        {
            ok(0, "Wait failed (%#x), last error %#x.\n", res, GetLastError());
            break;
        }
    }

    DestroyWindow(p->window);

    return 0;
}

static void create_window_thread(struct create_window_thread_param *p)
{
    DWORD res, tid;

    p->window_created = CreateEventA(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
    ok(!!p->window_created, "CreateEvent failed, last error %#x.\n", GetLastError());
    p->destroy_window = CreateEventA(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
    ok(!!p->destroy_window, "CreateEvent failed, last error %#x.\n", GetLastError());
    p->thread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, create_window_thread_proc, p, 0, &tid);
    ok(!!p->thread, "Failed to create thread, last error %#x.\n", GetLastError());
    res = WaitForSingleObject(p->window_created, INFINITE);
    ok(res == WAIT_OBJECT_0, "Wait failed (%#x), last error %#x.\n", res, GetLastError());
}

static void destroy_window_thread(struct create_window_thread_param *p)
{
    SetEvent(p->destroy_window);
    WaitForSingleObject(p->thread, INFINITE);
    CloseHandle(p->destroy_window);
    CloseHandle(p->window_created);
    CloseHandle(p->thread);
}

static HRESULT set_display_mode(IDirectDraw *ddraw, DWORD width, DWORD height)
{
    if (SUCCEEDED(IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, width, height, 32)))
        return DD_OK;
    return IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, width, height, 24);
}

static D3DCOLOR get_surface_color(IDirectDrawSurface *surface, UINT x, UINT y)
{
    RECT rect = {x, y, x + 1, y + 1};
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HRESULT hr;

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, &rect, &surface_desc, DDLOCK_READONLY | DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return 0xdeadbeef;

    color = *((DWORD *)surface_desc.lpSurface) & 0x00ffffff;

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    return color;
}

static void emit_process_vertices(void **ptr, DWORD flags, WORD base_idx, DWORD vertex_count)
{
    D3DINSTRUCTION *inst = *ptr;
    D3DPROCESSVERTICES *pv = (D3DPROCESSVERTICES *)(inst + 1);

    inst->bOpcode = D3DOP_PROCESSVERTICES;
    inst->bSize = sizeof(*pv);
    inst->wCount = 1;

    pv->dwFlags = flags;
    pv->wStart = base_idx;
    pv->wDest = 0;
    pv->dwCount = vertex_count;
    pv->dwReserved = 0;

    *ptr = pv + 1;
}

static void emit_set_ls(void **ptr, D3DLIGHTSTATETYPE state, DWORD value)
{
    D3DINSTRUCTION *inst = *ptr;
    D3DSTATE *ls = (D3DSTATE *)(inst + 1);

    inst->bOpcode = D3DOP_STATELIGHT;
    inst->bSize = sizeof(*ls);
    inst->wCount = 1;

    U1(*ls).dlstLightStateType = state;
    U2(*ls).dwArg[0] = value;

    *ptr = ls + 1;
}

static void emit_set_rs(void **ptr, D3DRENDERSTATETYPE state, DWORD value)
{
    D3DINSTRUCTION *inst = *ptr;
    D3DSTATE *rs = (D3DSTATE *)(inst + 1);

    inst->bOpcode = D3DOP_STATERENDER;
    inst->bSize = sizeof(*rs);
    inst->wCount = 1;

    U1(*rs).drstRenderStateType = state;
    U2(*rs).dwArg[0] = value;

    *ptr = rs + 1;
}

static void emit_tquad(void **ptr, WORD base_idx)
{
    D3DINSTRUCTION *inst = *ptr;
    D3DTRIANGLE *tri = (D3DTRIANGLE *)(inst + 1);

    inst->bOpcode = D3DOP_TRIANGLE;
    inst->bSize = sizeof(*tri);
    inst->wCount = 2;

    U1(*tri).v1 = base_idx;
    U2(*tri).v2 = base_idx + 1;
    U3(*tri).v3 = base_idx + 2;
    tri->wFlags = D3DTRIFLAG_START;
    ++tri;

    U1(*tri).v1 = base_idx + 2;
    U2(*tri).v2 = base_idx + 1;
    U3(*tri).v3 = base_idx + 3;
    tri->wFlags = D3DTRIFLAG_ODD;
    ++tri;

    *ptr = tri;
}

static void emit_end(void **ptr)
{
    D3DINSTRUCTION *inst = *ptr;

    inst->bOpcode = D3DOP_EXIT;
    inst->bSize = 0;
    inst->wCount = 0;

    *ptr = inst + 1;
}

static void set_execute_data(IDirect3DExecuteBuffer *execute_buffer, UINT vertex_count, UINT offset, UINT len)
{
    D3DEXECUTEDATA exec_data;
    HRESULT hr;

    memset(&exec_data, 0, sizeof(exec_data));
    exec_data.dwSize = sizeof(exec_data);
    exec_data.dwVertexCount = vertex_count;
    exec_data.dwInstructionOffset = offset;
    exec_data.dwInstructionLength = len;
    hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_SetExecuteData(execute_buffer, &exec_data);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set execute data, hr %#x.\n", hr);
}

static DWORD get_device_z_depth(IDirect3DDevice *device)
{
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER};
    IDirectDrawSurface *ds, *rt;
    DDSURFACEDESC desc;
    HRESULT hr;

    if (FAILED(IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt)))
        return 0;

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(rt, &caps, &ds);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return 0;

    desc.dwSize = sizeof(desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(ds, &desc);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(ds);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return 0;

    return U2(desc).dwZBufferBitDepth;
}

static IDirectDraw *create_ddraw(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;

    if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreate(NULL, &ddraw, NULL)))
        return NULL;

    return ddraw;
}

static IDirect3DDevice *create_device(IDirectDraw *ddraw, HWND window, DWORD coop_level)
{
    static const DWORD z_depths[] = {32, 24, 16};
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *ds;
    IDirect3DDevice *device = NULL;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    unsigned int i;
    HRESULT hr;

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, coop_level);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    if (coop_level & DDSCL_NORMAL)
    {
        IDirectDrawClipper *clipper;

        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateClipper(ddraw, 0, &clipper, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, window);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetClipper(surface, clipper);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set surface clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        IDirectDrawClipper_Release(clipper);
    }

    /* We used to use EnumDevices() for this, but it seems
     * D3DDEVICEDESC.dwDeviceZBufferBitDepth only has a very casual
     * relationship with reality. */
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(z_depths) / sizeof(*z_depths); ++i)
    {
        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_ZBUFFERBITDEPTH | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
        surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER;
        U2(surface_desc).dwZBufferBitDepth = z_depths[i];
        surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
        surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;
        if (FAILED(IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &ds, NULL)))
            continue;

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface, ds);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach depth buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(ds);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        if (SUCCEEDED(IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirect3DHALDevice, (void **)&device)))
            break;

        IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface, 0, ds);
    }

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    return device;
}

static IDirect3DViewport *create_viewport(IDirect3DDevice *device, UINT x, UINT y, UINT w, UINT h)
{
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    D3DVIEWPORT vp;
    IDirect3D *d3d;
    HRESULT hr;

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_GetDirect3D(device, &d3d);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get d3d interface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3D_CreateViewport(d3d, &viewport, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_AddViewport(device, viewport);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to add viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&vp, 0, sizeof(vp));
    vp.dwSize = sizeof(vp);
    vp.dwX = x;
    vp.dwY = y;
    vp.dwWidth = w;
    vp.dwHeight = h;
    vp.dvScaleX = (float)w / 2.0f;
    vp.dvScaleY = (float)h / 2.0f;
    vp.dvMaxX = 1.0f;
    vp.dvMaxY = 1.0f;
    vp.dvMinZ = 0.0f;
    vp.dvMaxZ = 1.0f;
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_SetViewport(viewport, &vp);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set viewport data, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirect3D_Release(d3d);

    return viewport;
}

static void viewport_set_background(IDirect3DDevice *device, IDirect3DViewport *viewport,
        IDirect3DMaterial *material)
{
    D3DMATERIALHANDLE material_handle;
    HRESULT hr;

    hr = IDirect3DMaterial2_GetHandle(material, device, &material_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get material handle, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport2_SetBackground(viewport, material_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set viewport background, hr %#x.\n", hr);
}

static void destroy_viewport(IDirect3DDevice *device, IDirect3DViewport *viewport)
{
    HRESULT hr;

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_DeleteViewport(device, viewport);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to delete viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirect3DViewport_Release(viewport);
}

static IDirect3DMaterial *create_material(IDirect3DDevice *device, D3DMATERIAL *mat)
{
    IDirect3DMaterial *material;
    IDirect3D *d3d;
    HRESULT hr;

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_GetDirect3D(device, &d3d);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get d3d interface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3D_CreateMaterial(d3d, &material, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create material, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DMaterial_SetMaterial(material, mat);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set material data, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirect3D_Release(d3d);

    return material;
}

static IDirect3DMaterial *create_diffuse_material(IDirect3DDevice *device, float r, float g, float b, float a)
{
    D3DMATERIAL mat;

    memset(&mat, 0, sizeof(mat));
    mat.dwSize = sizeof(mat);
    U1(U(mat).diffuse).r = r;
    U2(U(mat).diffuse).g = g;
    U3(U(mat).diffuse).b = b;
    U4(U(mat).diffuse).a = a;

    return create_material(device, &mat);
}

static IDirect3DMaterial *create_emissive_material(IDirect3DDevice *device, float r, float g, float b, float a)
{
    D3DMATERIAL mat;

    memset(&mat, 0, sizeof(mat));
    mat.dwSize = sizeof(mat);
    U1(U3(mat).emissive).r = r;
    U2(U3(mat).emissive).g = g;
    U3(U3(mat).emissive).b = b;
    U4(U3(mat).emissive).a = a;

    return create_material(device, &mat);
}

static void destroy_material(IDirect3DMaterial *material)
{
    IDirect3DMaterial_Release(material);
}

static const UINT *expect_messages;

static LRESULT CALLBACK test_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
    if (expect_messages && message == *expect_messages)
        ++expect_messages;

    return DefWindowProcA(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam);
}

/* Set the wndproc back to what ddraw expects it to be, and release the ddraw
 * interface. This prevents subsequent SetCooperativeLevel() calls on a
 * different window from failing with DDERR_HWNDALREADYSET. */
static void fix_wndproc(HWND window, LONG_PTR proc)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;

    if (!(ddraw = create_ddraw()))
        return;

    SetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
}

static HRESULT CALLBACK restore_callback(IDirectDrawSurface *surface, DDSURFACEDESC *desc, void *context)
{
    HRESULT hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Restore(surface);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || hr == DDERR_IMPLICITLYCREATED, "Failed to restore surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    return DDENUMRET_OK;
}

static HRESULT restore_surfaces(IDirectDraw *ddraw)
{
    return IDirectDraw_EnumSurfaces(ddraw, DDENUMSURFACES_ALL | DDENUMSURFACES_DOESEXIST,
            NULL, NULL, restore_callback);
}

static void test_coop_level_create_device_window(void)
{
    HWND focus_window, device_window;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;

    focus_window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_NORMAL | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOFOCUSWINDOW || broken(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS), "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");

    /* Windows versions before 98 / NT5 don't support DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW. */
    if (broken(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS))
    {
        win_skip("DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW not supported, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(focus_window);
        return;
    }

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, focus_window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_SETFOCUSWINDOW
            | DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOHWND, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!!device_window, "Device window not found.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, focus_window, DDSCL_SETFOCUSWINDOW
            | DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!!device_window, "Device window not found.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOFOCUSWINDOW, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, focus_window, DDSCL_SETFOCUSWINDOW);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!device_window, "Unexpected device window found.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_CREATEDEVICEWINDOW | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    device_window = FindWindowA("DirectDrawDeviceWnd", "DirectDrawDeviceWnd");
    ok(!!device_window, "Device window not found.\n");

    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(focus_window);
}

static void test_clipper_blt(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *src_surface, *dst_surface;
    RECT client_rect, src_rect;
    IDirectDrawClipper *clipper;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    unsigned int i, j, x, y;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    RGNDATA *rgn_data;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HRGN r1, r2;
    HWND window;
    DDBLTFX fx;
    HRESULT hr;
    DWORD *ptr;
    DWORD ret;

    static const DWORD src_data[] =
    {
        0xff0000ff, 0xff0000ff, 0xff00ff00, 0xffff0000, 0xffffffff, 0xffffffff,
        0xff0000ff, 0xff0000ff, 0xff00ff00, 0xffff0000, 0xffffffff, 0xffffffff,
        0xff0000ff, 0xff0000ff, 0xff00ff00, 0xffff0000, 0xffffffff, 0xffffffff,
    };
    static const D3DCOLOR expected1[] =
    {
        0x000000ff, 0x0000ff00, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x000000ff, 0x0000ff00, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00ff0000, 0x00ffffff,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00ff0000, 0x00ffffff,
    };
    /* Nvidia on Windows seems to have an off-by-one error
     * when processing source rectangles. Our left = 1 and
     * right = 5 input reads from x = {1, 2, 3}. x = 4 is
     * read as well, but only for the edge pixels on the
     * output image. The bug happens on the y axis as well,
     * but we only read one row there, and all source rows
     * contain the same data. This bug is not dependent on
     * the presence of a clipper. */
    static const D3DCOLOR expected1_broken[] =
    {
        0x000000ff, 0x000000ff, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x000000ff, 0x000000ff, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00ff0000, 0x00ff0000,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x0000ff00, 0x00ff0000,
    };
    static const D3DCOLOR expected2[] =
    {
        0x000000ff, 0x000000ff, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x000000ff, 0x000000ff, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x000000ff, 0x000000ff,
        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x000000ff, 0x000000ff,
    };

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            10, 10, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ShowWindow(window, SW_SHOW);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    ret = GetClientRect(window, &client_rect);
    ok(ret, "Failed to get client rect.\n");
    ret = MapWindowPoints(window, NULL, (POINT *)&client_rect, 2);
    ok(ret, "Failed to map client rect.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateClipper(ddraw, 0, &clipper, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCLIPLIST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, window);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get clip list size, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    rgn_data = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ret);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, rgn_data, &ret);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get clip list, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(rgn_data->rdh.dwSize == sizeof(rgn_data->rdh), "Got unexpected structure size %#x.\n", rgn_data->rdh.dwSize);
    ok(rgn_data->rdh.iType == RDH_RECTANGLES, "Got unexpected type %#x.\n", rgn_data->rdh.iType);
    ok(rgn_data->rdh.nCount >= 1, "Got unexpected count %u.\n", rgn_data->rdh.nCount);
    ok(EqualRect(&rgn_data->rdh.rcBound, &client_rect),
            "Got unexpected bounding rect {%d, %d, %d, %d}, expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            rgn_data->rdh.rcBound.left, rgn_data->rdh.rcBound.top,
            rgn_data->rdh.rcBound.right, rgn_data->rdh.rcBound.bottom,
            client_rect.left, client_rect.top, client_rect.right, client_rect.bottom);
    HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, rgn_data);

    r1 = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 320, 240);
    ok(!!r1, "Failed to create region.\n");
    r2 = CreateRectRgn(320, 240, 640, 480);
    ok(!!r2, "Failed to create region.\n");
    CombineRgn(r1, r1, r2, RGN_OR);
    ret = GetRegionData(r1, 0, NULL);
    rgn_data = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ret);
    ret = GetRegionData(r1, ret, rgn_data);
    ok(!!ret, "Failed to get region data.\n");

    DeleteObject(r2);
    DeleteObject(r1);

    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetClipList(clipper, rgn_data, 0);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CLIPPERISUSINGHWND, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetClipList(clipper, rgn_data, 0);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clip list, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, rgn_data);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &src_surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &dst_surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create destination surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&fx, 0, sizeof(fx));
    fx.dwSize = sizeof(fx);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(src_surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(dst_surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear destination surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(src_surface, NULL, &surface_desc, DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(U1(surface_desc).lPitch == 2560, "Got unexpected surface pitch %u.\n", U1(surface_desc).lPitch);
    ptr = surface_desc.lpSurface;
    memcpy(&ptr[   0], &src_data[ 0], 6 * sizeof(DWORD));
    memcpy(&ptr[ 640], &src_data[ 6], 6 * sizeof(DWORD));
    memcpy(&ptr[1280], &src_data[12], 6 * sizeof(DWORD));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(src_surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetClipper(dst_surface, clipper);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    SetRect(&src_rect, 1, 1, 5, 2);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(dst_surface, NULL, src_surface, &src_rect, DDBLT_WAIT, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to blit, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
        {
            x = 80 * ((2 * j) + 1);
            y = 60 * ((2 * i) + 1);
            color = get_surface_color(dst_surface, x, y);
            ok(compare_color(color, expected1[i * 4 + j], 1)
                    || broken(compare_color(color, expected1_broken[i * 4 + j], 1)),
                    "Expected color 0x%08x at %u,%u, got 0x%08x.\n", expected1[i * 4 + j], x, y, color);
        }
    }

    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff0000ff;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(dst_surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear destination surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
        {
            x = 80 * ((2 * j) + 1);
            y = 60 * ((2 * i) + 1);
            color = get_surface_color(dst_surface, x, y);
            ok(compare_color(color, expected2[i * 4 + j], 1),
                    "Expected color 0x%08x at %u,%u, got 0x%08x.\n", expected2[i * 4 + j], x, y, color);
        }
    }

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_BltFast(dst_surface, 0, 0, src_surface, NULL, DDBLTFAST_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_BLTFASTCANTCLIP || broken(hr == E_NOTIMPL /* NT4 */), "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, window);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get clip list size, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    DestroyWindow(window);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(hr == E_FAIL, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get clip list size, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetClipList(clipper, NULL, 0);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clip list, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawClipper_GetClipList(clipper, NULL, NULL, &ret);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCLIPLIST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(dst_surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCLIPLIST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(dst_surface);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(src_surface);
    IDirectDrawClipper_Release(clipper);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
}

static void test_coop_level_d3d_state(void)
{
    D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};
    IDirectDrawSurface *rt, *surface;
    IDirect3DMaterial *background;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    D3DMATERIAL material;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    background = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, background);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(rt);
    ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = restore_surfaces(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to restore surfaces, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&material, 0, sizeof(material));
    material.dwSize = sizeof(material);
    U1(U(material).diffuse).r = 0.0f;
    U2(U(material).diffuse).g = 1.0f;
    U3(U(material).diffuse).b = 0.0f;
    U4(U(material).diffuse).a = 1.0f;
    hr = IDirect3DMaterial_SetMaterial(background, &material);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set material data, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&surface);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(surface == rt, "Got unexpected surface %p.\n", surface);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    destroy_material(background);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_surface_interface_mismatch(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw = NULL;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface = NULL, *ds;
    IDirectDrawSurface3 *surface3 = NULL;
    IDirect3DDevice *device = NULL;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport = NULL;
    IDirect3DMaterial *background = NULL;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    DWORD z_depth = 0;
    ULONG refcount;
    HRESULT hr;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    z_depth = get_device_z_depth(device);
    ok(!!z_depth, "Failed to get device z depth.\n");
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    device = NULL;

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface3, (void **)&surface3);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        skip("Failed to get the IDirectDrawSurface3 interface, skipping test.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_ZBUFFERBITDEPTH | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER;
    U2(surface_desc).dwZBufferBitDepth = z_depth;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &ds, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create depth buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        goto cleanup;

    /* Using a different surface interface version still works */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface3_AddAttachedSurface(surface3, (IDirectDrawSurface3 *)ds);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach depth buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(ds);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        goto cleanup;

    /* Here too */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface3_QueryInterface(surface3, &IID_IDirect3DHALDevice, (void **)&device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create d3d device.\n");
    if (FAILED(hr))
        goto cleanup;

    background = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, background);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(surface, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

cleanup:
    if (viewport)
        destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    if (background)
        destroy_material(background);
    if (surface3) IDirectDrawSurface3_Release(surface3);
    if (surface) IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    if (device) IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    if (ddraw) IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_coop_level_threaded(void)
{
    struct create_window_thread_param p;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    create_window_thread(&p);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, p.window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    destroy_window_thread(&p);
}

static ULONG get_refcount(IUnknown *test_iface)
{
    IUnknown_AddRef(test_iface);
    return IUnknown_Release(test_iface);
}

static void test_viewport(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirect3D *d3d;
    HRESULT hr;
    ULONG ref;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport, *another_vp;
    IDirect3DViewport2 *viewport2;
    IDirect3DViewport3 *viewport3;
    IDirectDrawGammaControl *gamma;
    IUnknown *unknown;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    HWND window;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    hr = IDirectDraw_QueryInterface(ddraw, &IID_IDirect3D, (void **)&d3d);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get d3d interface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *) d3d);
    ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3D refcount is %d\n", ref);

    hr = IDirect3D_CreateViewport(d3d, &viewport, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport);
    ok(ref == 1, "Initial IDirect3DViewport refcount is %u\n", ref);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)d3d);
    ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3D refcount is %u\n", ref);

    /* E_FAIL return values are returned by Winetestbot Windows NT machines. While not supporting
     * newer interfaces is legitimate for old ddraw versions, E_FAIL violates Microsoft's rules
     * for QueryInterface, hence the broken() */
    gamma = (IDirectDrawGammaControl *)0xdeadbeef;
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_QueryInterface(viewport, &IID_IDirectDrawGammaControl, (void **)&gamma);
    ok(hr == E_NOINTERFACE || broken(hr == E_FAIL), "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(gamma == NULL, "Interface not set to NULL by failed QI call: %p\n", gamma);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) IDirectDrawGammaControl_Release(gamma);
    /* NULL iid: Segfaults */

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_QueryInterface(viewport, &IID_IDirect3DViewport2, (void **)&viewport2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || hr == E_NOINTERFACE || broken(hr == E_FAIL),
            "Failed to QI IDirect3DViewport2, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if (viewport2)
    {
        ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport);
        ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %u\n", ref);
        ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport2);
        ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport2 refcount is %u\n", ref);
        IDirect3DViewport2_Release(viewport2);
        viewport2 = NULL;
    }

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_QueryInterface(viewport, &IID_IDirect3DViewport3, (void **)&viewport3);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || hr == E_NOINTERFACE || broken(hr == E_FAIL),
            "Failed to QI IDirect3DViewport3, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if (viewport3)
    {
        ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport);
        ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %u\n", ref);
        ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport3);
        ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport3 refcount is %u\n", ref);
        IDirect3DViewport3_Release(viewport3);
    }

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_QueryInterface(viewport, &IID_IUnknown, (void **)&unknown);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to QI IUnknown, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if (unknown)
    {
        ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *)viewport);
        ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %u\n", ref);
        ref = get_refcount(unknown);
        ok(ref == 2, "IUnknown refcount is %u\n", ref);
        IUnknown_Release(unknown);
    }

    /* AddViewport(NULL): Segfault */
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_DeleteViewport(device, NULL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3D_CreateViewport(d3d, &another_vp, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_AddViewport(device, viewport);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to add viewport to device, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *) viewport);
    ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %d\n", ref);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_AddViewport(device, another_vp);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to add viewport to device, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *) another_vp);
    ok(ref == 2, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %d\n", ref);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_DeleteViewport(device, another_vp);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to delete viewport from device, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *) another_vp);
    ok(ref == 1, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %d\n", ref);

    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    ref = get_refcount((IUnknown *) viewport);
    ok(ref == 1, "IDirect3DViewport refcount is %d\n", ref);

    IDirect3DViewport_Release(another_vp);
    IDirect3D_Release(d3d);
    IDirect3DViewport_Release(viewport);
    DestroyWindow(window);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
}

static void test_zenable(void)
{
    static D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};
    static D3DTLVERTEX tquad[] =
    {
        {{  0.0f}, {480.0f}, {-0.5f}, {1.0f}, {0xff00ff00}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{  0.0f}, {  0.0f}, {-0.5f}, {1.0f}, {0xff00ff00}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {480.0f}, { 1.5f}, {1.0f}, {0xff00ff00}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {  0.0f}, { 1.5f}, {1.0f}, {0xff00ff00}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
    };
    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer *execute_buffer;
    D3DEXECUTEBUFFERDESC exec_desc;
    IDirect3DMaterial *background;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDrawSurface *rt;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    UINT inst_length;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    UINT x, y;
    UINT i, j;
    void *ptr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    background = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, background);

    memset(&exec_desc, 0, sizeof(exec_desc));
    exec_desc.dwSize = sizeof(exec_desc);
    exec_desc.dwFlags = D3DDEB_BUFSIZE | D3DDEB_CAPS;
    exec_desc.dwBufferSize = 1024;
    exec_desc.dwCaps = D3DDEBCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_CreateExecuteBuffer(device, &exec_desc, &execute_buffer, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Lock(execute_buffer, &exec_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memcpy(exec_desc.lpData, tquad, sizeof(tquad));
    ptr = ((BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData) + sizeof(tquad);
    emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
    emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_ZENABLE, D3DZB_FALSE);
    emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
    emit_end(&ptr);
    inst_length = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData;
    inst_length -= sizeof(tquad);
    hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Unlock(execute_buffer);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, sizeof(tquad), inst_length);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
        {
            x = 80 * ((2 * j) + 1);
            y = 60 * ((2 * i) + 1);
            color = get_surface_color(rt, x, y);
            ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1),
                    "Expected color 0x0000ff00 at %u, %u, got 0x%08x.\n", x, y, color);
        }
    }
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);

    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Release(execute_buffer);
    destroy_material(background);
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_ck_rgba(void)
{
    static D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};
    static D3DTLVERTEX tquad[] =
    {
        {{  0.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.25f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{  0.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.25f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.25f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.25f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {1.0f}},
        {{  0.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.75f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{  0.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.75f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.75f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.75f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {1.0f}},
    };
    static const struct
    {
        D3DCOLOR fill_color;
        BOOL color_key;
        BOOL blend;
        D3DCOLOR result1;
        D3DCOLOR result2;
    }
    tests[] =
    {
        {0xff00ff00, TRUE,  TRUE,  0x00ff0000, 0x000000ff},
        {0xff00ff00, TRUE,  FALSE, 0x00ff0000, 0x000000ff},
        {0xff00ff00, FALSE, TRUE,  0x0000ff00, 0x0000ff00},
        {0xff00ff00, FALSE, FALSE, 0x0000ff00, 0x0000ff00},
        {0x7f00ff00, TRUE,  TRUE,  0x00807f00, 0x00807f00},
        {0x7f00ff00, TRUE,  FALSE, 0x0000ff00, 0x0000ff00},
        {0x7f00ff00, FALSE, TRUE,  0x00807f00, 0x00807f00},
        {0x7f00ff00, FALSE, FALSE, 0x0000ff00, 0x0000ff00},
    };

    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer *execute_buffer;
    D3DTEXTUREHANDLE texture_handle;
    D3DEXECUTEBUFFERDESC exec_desc;
    IDirect3DMaterial *background;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirect3DTexture *texture;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDrawSurface *rt;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    DDBLTFX fx;
    HRESULT hr;
    UINT i;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    background = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, background);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT | DDSD_CKSRCBLT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 256;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 256;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
    U5(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBAlphaBitMask = 0xff000000;
    surface_desc.ddckCKSrcBlt.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0xff00ff00;
    surface_desc.ddckCKSrcBlt.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0xff00ff00;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create destination surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirect3DTexture, (void **)&texture);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get texture interface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DTexture_GetHandle(texture, device, &texture_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get texture handle, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirect3DTexture_Release(texture);

    memset(&exec_desc, 0, sizeof(exec_desc));
    exec_desc.dwSize = sizeof(exec_desc);
    exec_desc.dwFlags = D3DDEB_BUFSIZE | D3DDEB_CAPS;
    exec_desc.dwBufferSize = 1024;
    exec_desc.dwCaps = D3DDEBCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_CreateExecuteBuffer(device, &exec_desc, &execute_buffer, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tests) / sizeof(*tests); ++i)
    {
        UINT draw1_len, draw2_len;
        void *ptr;

        hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Lock(execute_buffer, &exec_desc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        memcpy(exec_desc.lpData, tquad, sizeof(tquad));
        ptr = ((BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData) + sizeof(tquad);
        emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_TEXTUREHANDLE, texture_handle);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_COLORKEYENABLE, tests[i].color_key);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_ALPHABLENDENABLE, tests[i].blend);
        emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
        emit_end(&ptr);
        draw1_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - sizeof(tquad);
        emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 4, 4);
        emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
        emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_TEXTUREHANDLE, 0);
        emit_end(&ptr);
        draw2_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - draw1_len;
        hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Unlock(execute_buffer);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        memset(&fx, 0, sizeof(fx));
        fx.dwSize = sizeof(fx);
        U5(fx).dwFillColor = tests[i].fill_color;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill texture, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 8, sizeof(tquad), draw1_len);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
        if (i == 2)
            todo_wine ok(compare_color(color, tests[i].result1, 1), "Expected color 0x%08x for test %u, got 0x%08x.\n",
                    tests[i].result1, i, color);
        else
            ok(compare_color(color, tests[i].result1, 1), "Expected color 0x%08x for test %u, got 0x%08x.\n",
                    tests[i].result1, i, color);

        U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff0000ff;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill texture, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 8, sizeof(tquad) + draw1_len, draw2_len);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        /* This tests that fragments that are masked out by the color key are
         * discarded, instead of just fully transparent. */
        color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
        if (i == 2)
            todo_wine ok(compare_color(color, tests[i].result2, 1), "Expected color 0x%08x for test %u, got 0x%08x.\n",
                    tests[i].result2, i, color);
        else
            ok(compare_color(color, tests[i].result2, 1), "Expected color 0x%08x for test %u, got 0x%08x.\n",
                    tests[i].result2, i, color);
    }

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Release(execute_buffer);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    destroy_material(background);
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_ck_default(void)
{
    static D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};
    static D3DTLVERTEX tquad[] =
    {
        {{  0.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{  0.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {480.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{640.0f}, {  0.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0xffffffff}, {0x00000000}, {1.0f}, {1.0f}},
    };
    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer *execute_buffer;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *rt;
    D3DTEXTUREHANDLE texture_handle;
    D3DEXECUTEBUFFERDESC exec_desc;
    IDirect3DMaterial *background;
    UINT draw1_offset, draw1_len;
    UINT draw2_offset, draw2_len;
    UINT draw3_offset, draw3_len;
    UINT draw4_offset, draw4_len;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirect3DTexture *texture;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    DDBLTFX fx;
    HRESULT hr;
    void *ptr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    background = create_diffuse_material(device, 0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, background);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT | DDSD_CKSRCBLT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 256;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 256;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
    surface_desc.ddckCKSrcBlt.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0x000000ff;
    surface_desc.ddckCKSrcBlt.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0x000000ff;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirect3DTexture, (void **)&texture);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get texture interface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DTexture_GetHandle(texture, device, &texture_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get texture handle, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirect3DTexture_Release(texture);

    memset(&fx, 0, sizeof(fx));
    fx.dwSize = sizeof(fx);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0x000000ff;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(surface, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&exec_desc, 0, sizeof(exec_desc));
    exec_desc.dwSize = sizeof(exec_desc);
    exec_desc.dwFlags = D3DDEB_BUFSIZE | D3DDEB_CAPS;
    exec_desc.dwBufferSize = 1024;
    exec_desc.dwCaps = D3DDEBCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_CreateExecuteBuffer(device, &exec_desc, &execute_buffer, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Lock(execute_buffer, &exec_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memcpy(exec_desc.lpData, tquad, sizeof(tquad));
    ptr = (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData + sizeof(tquad);
    emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
    emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_TEXTUREHANDLE, texture_handle);
    emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
    emit_end(&ptr);
    draw1_offset = sizeof(tquad);
    draw1_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - draw1_offset;
    emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
    emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_COLORKEYENABLE, FALSE);
    emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
    emit_end(&ptr);
    draw2_offset = draw1_offset + draw1_len;
    draw2_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - draw2_offset;
    emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
    emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
    emit_end(&ptr);
    draw3_offset = draw2_offset + draw2_len;
    draw3_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - draw3_offset;
    emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_COPY, 0, 4);
    emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_COLORKEYENABLE, TRUE);
    emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
    emit_set_rs(&ptr, D3DRENDERSTATE_TEXTUREHANDLE, 0);
    emit_end(&ptr);
    draw4_offset = draw3_offset + draw3_len;
    draw4_len = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData - draw4_offset;
    hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Unlock(execute_buffer);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, draw1_offset, draw1_len);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, draw2_offset, draw2_len);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, draw3_offset, draw3_len);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, draw4_offset, draw4_len);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Release(execute_buffer);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    destroy_material(background);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_ck_complex(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *mipmap, *tmp;
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_COMPLEX};
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    DDCOLORKEY color_key;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    unsigned int i;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        DestroyWindow(window);
        IDirectDraw2_Release(ddraw);
        return;
    }
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCOLORKEY, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0x0000ff00;
    color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0x0000ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&color_key, 0, sizeof(color_key));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue);

    mipmap = surface;
    IDirectDrawSurface_AddRef(mipmap);
    for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
    {
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(mipmap, &caps, &tmp);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
        ok(hr == DDERR_NOCOLORKEY, "Got unexpected hr %#x, i %u.\n", hr, i);
        color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0x000000ff;
        color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0x000000ff;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set color key, hr %#x, i %u.\n", hr, i);
        memset(&color_key, 0, sizeof(color_key));
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get color key, hr %#x, i %u.\n", hr, i);
        ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue == 0x000000ff, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x, i %u.\n",
                color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue, i);
        ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue == 0x000000ff, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x, i %u.\n",
                color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue, i);

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(mipmap);
        mipmap = tmp;
    }

    memset(&color_key, 0, sizeof(color_key));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(mipmap, &caps, &tmp);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFOUND, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(mipmap);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
    surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount = 1;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCOLORKEY, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0x0000ff00;
    color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0x0000ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&color_key, 0, sizeof(color_key));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(surface, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(surface, &caps, &tmp);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCOLORKEY, "Got unexpected hr %#x, i %u.\n", hr, i);
    color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue = 0x0000ff00;
    color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue = 0x0000ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&color_key, 0, sizeof(color_key));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetColorKey(tmp, DDCKEY_SRCBLT, &color_key);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get color key, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceLowValue);
    ok(color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue == 0x0000ff00, "Got unexpected value 0x%08x.\n",
            color_key.dwColorSpaceHighValue);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(tmp);

    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

struct qi_test
{
    REFIID iid;
    REFIID refcount_iid;
    HRESULT hr;
};

static void test_qi(const char *test_name, IUnknown *base_iface,
        REFIID refcount_iid, const struct qi_test *tests, UINT entry_count)
{
    ULONG refcount, expected_refcount;
    IUnknown *iface1, *iface2;
    HRESULT hr;
    UINT i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < entry_count; ++i)
    {
        hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(base_iface, tests[i].iid, (void **)&iface1);
        ok(hr == tests[i].hr, "Got hr %#x for test \"%s\" %u.\n", hr, test_name, i);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            for (j = 0; j < entry_count; ++j)
            {
                hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(iface1, tests[j].iid, (void **)&iface2);
                ok(hr == tests[j].hr, "Got hr %#x for test \"%s\" %u, %u.\n", hr, test_name, i, j);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                {
                    expected_refcount = 0;
                    if (IsEqualGUID(refcount_iid, tests[j].refcount_iid))
                        ++expected_refcount;
                    if (IsEqualGUID(tests[i].refcount_iid, tests[j].refcount_iid))
                        ++expected_refcount;
                    refcount = IUnknown_Release(iface2);
                    ok(refcount == expected_refcount, "Got refcount %u for test \"%s\" %u, %u, expected %u.\n",
                            refcount, test_name, i, j, expected_refcount);
                }
            }

            expected_refcount = 0;
            if (IsEqualGUID(refcount_iid, tests[i].refcount_iid))
                ++expected_refcount;
            refcount = IUnknown_Release(iface1);
            ok(refcount == expected_refcount, "Got refcount %u for test \"%s\" %u, expected %u.\n",
                    refcount, test_name, i, expected_refcount);
        }
    }
}

static void test_surface_qi(void)
{
    static const struct qi_test tests[] =
    {
        {&IID_IDirect3DTexture2,        &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirect3DTexture,         &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawGammaControl,  &IID_IDirectDrawGammaControl,   S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawColorControl,  NULL,                           E_NOINTERFACE},
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface7,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface7,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface4,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface4,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface3,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface3,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface2,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface2,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface,       &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice7,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice3,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice2,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice,          NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D7,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D3,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D2,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D,                NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw7,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw4,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw3,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw2,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw,              NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DLight,           NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial,        NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial2,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial3,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DExecuteBuffer,   NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport,        NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport2,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport3,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DVertexBuffer,    NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DVertexBuffer7,   NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawPalette,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawClipper,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IUnknown,                 &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
    };

    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    if (!GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("ddraw.dll"), "DirectDrawCreateEx"))
    {
        win_skip("DirectDrawCreateEx not available, skipping test.\n");
        return;
    }

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    /* Try to create a D3D device to see if the ddraw implementation supports
     * D3D. 64-bit ddraw in particular doesn't seem to support D3D, and
     * doesn't support e.g. the IDirect3DTexture interfaces. */
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 512;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 512;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    test_qi("surface_qi", (IUnknown *)surface, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, tests, sizeof(tests) / sizeof(*tests));

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_device_qi(void)
{
    static const struct qi_test tests[] =
    {
        {&IID_IDirect3DTexture2,        &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirect3DTexture,         &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawGammaControl,  &IID_IDirectDrawGammaControl,   S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawColorControl,  NULL,                           E_NOINTERFACE},
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface7,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface7,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface4,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface4,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface3,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface3,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface2,      &IID_IDirectDrawSurface2,       S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawSurface,       &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice7,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice3,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice2,         NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DDevice,          NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DHALDevice,       &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
        {&IID_IDirect3D7,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D3,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D2,               NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3D,                NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw7,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw4,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw3,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw2,             NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDraw,              NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DLight,           NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial,        NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial2,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DMaterial3,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DExecuteBuffer,   NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport,        NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport2,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DViewport3,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DVertexBuffer,    NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirect3DVertexBuffer7,   NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawPalette,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IDirectDrawClipper,       NULL,                           E_INVALIDARG },
        {&IID_IUnknown,                 &IID_IDirectDrawSurface,        S_OK         },
    };


    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;

    if (!GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("ddraw.dll"), "DirectDrawCreateEx"))
    {
        win_skip("DirectDrawCreateEx not available, skipping test.\n");
        return;
    }

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    test_qi("device_qi", (IUnknown *)device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, tests, sizeof(tests) / sizeof(*tests));

    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_wndproc(void)
{
    LONG_PTR proc, ddraw_proc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    WNDCLASSA wc = {0};
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    ULONG ref;

    static const UINT messages[] =
    {
        WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING,
        WM_MOVE,
        WM_SIZE,
        WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING,
        WM_ACTIVATE,
        WM_SETFOCUS,
        0,
    };

    /* DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE replaces the window's window proc. */
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    wc.lpfnWndProc = test_proc;
    wc.lpszClassName = "ddraw_test_wndproc_wc";
    ok(RegisterClassA(&wc), "Failed to register window class.\n");

    window = CreateWindowA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", "ddraw_test",
            WS_MAXIMIZE | WS_CAPTION , 0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);

    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    expect_messages = messages;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc != (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc != %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);

    /* DDSCL_NORMAL doesn't. */
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);

    /* The original window proc is only restored by ddraw if the current
     * window proc matches the one ddraw set. This also affects switching
     * from DDSCL_NORMAL to DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE. */
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc != (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc != %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    ddraw_proc = proc;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = SetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA);
    ok(proc != (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc != %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = SetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR)ddraw_proc);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, proc);
    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    proc = SetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA);
    ok(proc != (LONG_PTR)test_proc, "Expected wndproc != %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)test_proc, proc);
    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    proc = GetWindowLongPtrA(window, GWLP_WNDPROC);
    ok(proc == (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, "Expected wndproc %#lx, got %#lx.\n",
            (LONG_PTR)DefWindowProcA, proc);

    fix_wndproc(window, (LONG_PTR)test_proc);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    DestroyWindow(window);
    UnregisterClassA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", GetModuleHandleA(NULL));
}

static void test_window_style(void)
{
    LONG style, exstyle, tmp;
    RECT fullscreen_rect, r;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    ULONG ref;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    style = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_STYLE);
    exstyle = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_EXSTYLE);
    SetRect(&fullscreen_rect, 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    tmp = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_STYLE);
    todo_wine ok(tmp == style, "Expected window style %#x, got %#x.\n", style, tmp);
    tmp = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_EXSTYLE);
    todo_wine ok(tmp == exstyle, "Expected window extended style %#x, got %#x.\n", exstyle, tmp);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);
    GetClientRect(window, &r);
    todo_wine ok(!EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Client rect and window rect are equal.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    tmp = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_STYLE);
    todo_wine ok(tmp == style, "Expected window style %#x, got %#x.\n", style, tmp);
    tmp = GetWindowLongA(window, GWL_EXSTYLE);
    todo_wine ok(tmp == exstyle, "Expected window extended style %#x, got %#x.\n", exstyle, tmp);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);

    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_redundant_mode_set(void)
{
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc = {0};
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    RECT r, s;
    ULONG ref;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDraw_GetDisplayMode(ddraw, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "GetDipslayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, surface_desc.dwWidth, surface_desc.dwHeight,
            U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    r.right /= 2;
    r.bottom /= 2;
    SetWindowPos(window, HWND_TOP, r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom, 0);
    GetWindowRect(window, &s);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &s), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom,
            s.left, s.top, s.right, s.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, surface_desc.dwWidth, surface_desc.dwHeight,
            U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    GetWindowRect(window, &s);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &s), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom,
            s.left, s.top, s.right, s.bottom);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);

    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static SIZE screen_size;

static LRESULT CALLBACK mode_set_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
    if (message == WM_SIZE)
    {
        screen_size.cx = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
        screen_size.cy = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    }

    return test_proc(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam);
}

static void test_coop_level_mode_set(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *primary;
    RECT fullscreen_rect, r, s;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    WNDCLASSA wc = {0};
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    ULONG ref;
    MSG msg;

    static const UINT exclusive_messages[] =
    {
        WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING,
        WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED,
        WM_SIZE,
        WM_DISPLAYCHANGE,
        0,
    };

    static const UINT normal_messages[] =
    {
        WM_DISPLAYCHANGE,
        0,
    };

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    wc.lpfnWndProc = mode_set_proc;
    wc.lpszClassName = "ddraw_test_wndproc_wc";
    ok(RegisterClassA(&wc), "Failed to register window class.\n");

    window = CreateWindowA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0);

    SetRect(&fullscreen_rect, 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));
    SetRect(&s, 0, 0, 640, 480);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = exclusive_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(screen_size.cx == s.right && screen_size.cy == s.bottom,
            "Expected screen size %ux%u, got %ux%u.\n",
            s.right, s.bottom, screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &s), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            s.left, s.top, s.right, s.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &s), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            s.left, s.top, s.right, s.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = exclusive_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "RestoreDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(screen_size.cx == fullscreen_rect.right && screen_size.cy == fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            "Expected screen size %ux%u, got %ux%u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom, screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = normal_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw, 640, 480);
    if (hr == DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE /* NT4 testbot */)
    {
        win_skip("Broken SetDisplayMode(), skipping remaining tests.\n");
        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        goto done;
    }
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(!screen_size.cx && !screen_size.cy, "Got unexpected screen size %ux%u.\n", screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = normal_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "RestoreDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(!screen_size.cx && !screen_size.cy, "Got unexpected screen size %ux%u.\n", screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    /* DDSCL_NORMAL | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN behaves the same as just DDSCL_NORMAL.
     * Resizing the window on mode changes is a property of DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE,
     * not DDSCL_FULLSCREEN. */
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = normal_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(!screen_size.cx && !screen_size.cy, "Got unexpected screen size %ux%u.\n", screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    PeekMessageA(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
    expect_messages = normal_messages;
    screen_size.cx = 0;
    screen_size.cy = 0;

    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "RestoreDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ok(!*expect_messages, "Expected message %#x, but didn't receive it.\n", *expect_messages);
    expect_messages = NULL;
    ok(!screen_size.cx && !screen_size.cy, "Got unexpected screen size %ux%u.\n", screen_size.cx, screen_size.cy);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.right - fullscreen_rect.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.bottom - fullscreen_rect.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &fullscreen_rect), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

    /* Unlike ddraw2-7, changing from EXCLUSIVE to NORMAL does not restore the resolution */
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &ddsd);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(ddsd.dwWidth == s.right - s.left, "Expected surface width %u, got %u.\n",
            s.right - s.left, ddsd.dwWidth);
    ok(ddsd.dwHeight == s.bottom - s.top, "Expected surface height %u, got %u.\n",
            s.bottom - s.top, ddsd.dwHeight);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "RestoreDisplayMode failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);

    GetWindowRect(window, &r);
    ok(EqualRect(&r, &s), "Expected {%d, %d, %d, %d}, got {%d, %d, %d, %d}.\n",
            fullscreen_rect.left, fullscreen_rect.top, fullscreen_rect.right, fullscreen_rect.bottom,
            r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);

done:
    expect_messages = NULL;
    DestroyWindow(window);
    UnregisterClassA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", GetModuleHandleA(NULL));
}

static void test_coop_level_mode_set_multi(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw1, *ddraw2;
    UINT orig_w, orig_h, w, h;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    ULONG ref;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw1, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    orig_w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    orig_h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);

    /* With just a single ddraw object, the display mode is restored on
     * release. */
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw1, 800, 600);
    if (hr == DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE /* NT4 testbot */)
    {
        win_skip("Broken SetDisplayMode(), skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 800, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 600, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    /* When there are multiple ddraw objects, the display mode is restored to
     * the initial mode, before the first SetDisplayMode() call. */
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw1, 800, 600);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 800, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 600, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ddraw2 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw2, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw2);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    /* Regardless of release ordering. */
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw1, 800, 600);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 800, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 600, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ddraw2 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw2, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw2);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    /* But only for ddraw objects that called SetDisplayMode(). */
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    ddraw2 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw2, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw2);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    /* If there's a ddraw object that's currently in exclusive mode, it blocks
     * restoring the display mode. */
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw1, 800, 600);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 800, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 600, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ddraw2 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw2, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw2, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 640, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 480, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw2);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    /* Exclusive mode blocks mode setting on other ddraw objects in general. */
    ddraw1 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw1, 800, 600);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == 800, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == 600, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw1, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "SetCooperativeLevel failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ddraw2 = create_ddraw();
    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw2, 640, 480);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw1);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw2);
    ok(ref == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed: refcount %u.\n", ref);
    w = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    ok(w == orig_w, "Got unexpected screen width %u.\n", w);
    h = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    ok(h == orig_h, "Got unexpected screen height %u.\n", h);

    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_initialize(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirect3D *d3d;
    HRESULT hr;

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_Initialize(ddraw, NULL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED, "Initialize returned hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);

    CoInitialize(NULL);
    hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_DirectDraw, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &IID_IDirectDraw, (void **)&ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create IDirectDraw instance, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_QueryInterface(ddraw, &IID_IDirect3D, (void **)&d3d);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        /* IDirect3D_Initialize() just returns DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED. */
        hr = IDirect3D_Initialize(d3d, NULL);
        ok(hr == DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED, "Initialize returned hr %#x, expected DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED.\n", hr);
        IDirect3D_Release(d3d);
    }
    else
        skip("D3D interface is not available, skipping test.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_Initialize(ddraw, NULL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Initialize returned hr %#x, expected DD_OK.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_Initialize(ddraw, NULL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED, "Initialize returned hr %#x, expected DDERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED.\n", hr);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    CoUninitialize();

    if (0) /* This crashes on the W2KPROSP4 testbot. */
    {
        CoInitialize(NULL);
        hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_DirectDraw, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, &IID_IDirect3D, (void **)&d3d);
        ok(hr == E_NOINTERFACE, "CoCreateInstance returned hr %#x, expected E_NOINTERFACE.\n", hr);
        CoUninitialize();
    }
}

static void test_coop_level_surf_create(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    HRESULT hr;

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOCOOPERATIVELEVELSET, "Surface creation returned hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
}

static void test_coop_level_multi_window(void)
{
    HWND window1, window2;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;

    window1 = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test1", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    window2 = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test2", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window1, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window2, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(IsWindow(window1), "Window 1 was destroyed.\n");
    ok(IsWindow(window2), "Window 2 was destroyed.\n");

    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window2);
    DestroyWindow(window1);
}

static void test_clear_rect_count(void)
{
    static D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};
    IDirect3DMaterial *white, *red, *green, *blue;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDrawSurface *rt;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    white = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    red   = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    green = create_diffuse_material(device, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    blue  = create_diffuse_material(device, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);

    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, white);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, red);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 0, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, green);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, blue);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ffffff, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    destroy_material(white);
    destroy_material(red);
    destroy_material(green);
    destroy_material(blue);
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static struct
{
    BOOL received;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;
    DWORD coop_level;
} activateapp_testdata;

static LRESULT CALLBACK activateapp_test_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
    if (message == WM_ACTIVATEAPP)
    {
        if (activateapp_testdata.ddraw)
        {
            HRESULT hr;
            activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
            hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(activateapp_testdata.ddraw,
                    activateapp_testdata.window, activateapp_testdata.coop_level);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Recursive SetCooperativeLevel call failed, hr %#x.\n", hr);
            ok(!activateapp_testdata.received, "Received WM_ACTIVATEAPP during recursive SetCooperativeLevel call.\n");
        }
        activateapp_testdata.received = TRUE;
    }

    return DefWindowProcA(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam);
}

static void test_coop_level_activateapp(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;
    HWND window;
    WNDCLASSA wc = {0};
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    wc.lpfnWndProc = activateapp_test_proc;
    wc.lpszClassName = "ddraw_test_wndproc_wc";
    ok(RegisterClassA(&wc), "Failed to register window class.\n");

    window = CreateWindowA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", "ddraw_test",
            WS_MAXIMIZE | WS_CAPTION , 0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);

    /* Exclusive with window already active. */
    SetActiveWindow(window);
    activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!activateapp_testdata.received, "Received WM_ACTIVATEAPP although window was already active.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Exclusive with window not active. */
    SetActiveWindow(NULL);
    activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(activateapp_testdata.received, "Expected WM_ACTIVATEAPP, but did not receive it.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Normal with window not active, then exclusive with the same window. */
    SetActiveWindow(NULL);
    activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!activateapp_testdata.received, "Received WM_ACTIVATEAPP when setting DDSCL_NORMAL.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    /* Except in the first SetCooperativeLevel call, Windows XP randomly does not send
     * WM_ACTIVATEAPP. Windows 7 sends the message reliably. Mark the XP behavior broken. */
    ok(activateapp_testdata.received || broken(!activateapp_testdata.received),
            "Expected WM_ACTIVATEAPP, but did not receive it.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Recursive set of DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN. */
    SetActiveWindow(NULL);
    activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
    activateapp_testdata.ddraw = ddraw;
    activateapp_testdata.window = window;
    activateapp_testdata.coop_level = DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(activateapp_testdata.received || broken(!activateapp_testdata.received),
            "Expected WM_ACTIVATEAPP, but did not receive it.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* The recursive call seems to have some bad effect on native ddraw, despite (apparently)
     * succeeding. Another switch to exclusive and back to normal is needed to release the
     * window properly. Without doing this, SetCooperativeLevel(EXCLUSIVE) will not send
     * WM_ACTIVATEAPP messages. */
    activateapp_testdata.ddraw = NULL;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Setting DDSCL_NORMAL with recursive invocation. */
    SetActiveWindow(NULL);
    activateapp_testdata.received = FALSE;
    activateapp_testdata.ddraw = ddraw;
    activateapp_testdata.window = window;
    activateapp_testdata.coop_level = DDSCL_NORMAL;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(activateapp_testdata.received || broken(!activateapp_testdata.received),
            "Expected WM_ACTIVATEAPP, but did not receive it.\n");

    /* DDraw is in exlusive mode now. */
    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
    ddsd.dwBackBufferCount = 1;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    /* Recover again, just to be sure. */
    activateapp_testdata.ddraw = NULL;
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, NULL, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    DestroyWindow(window);
    UnregisterClassA("ddraw_test_wndproc_wc", GetModuleHandleA(NULL));
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
}

struct format_support_check
{
    const DDPIXELFORMAT *format;
    BOOL supported;
};

static HRESULT WINAPI test_unsupported_formats_cb(DDSURFACEDESC *desc, void *ctx)
{
    struct format_support_check *format = ctx;

    if (!memcmp(format->format, &desc->ddpfPixelFormat, sizeof(*format->format)))
    {
        format->supported = TRUE;
        return DDENUMRET_CANCEL;
    }

    return DDENUMRET_OK;
}

static void test_unsupported_formats(void)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BOOL expect_success;
    HWND window;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    unsigned int i, j;
    DWORD expected_caps;
    static const struct
    {
        const char *name;
        DDPIXELFORMAT fmt;
    }
    formats[] =
    {
        {
            "D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8",
            {
                sizeof(DDPIXELFORMAT), DDPF_RGB | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS, 0,
                {32}, {0x00ff0000}, {0x0000ff00}, {0x000000ff}, {0xff000000}
            }
        },
        {
            "D3DFMT_P8",
            {
                sizeof(DDPIXELFORMAT), DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 | DDPF_RGB, 0,
                {8 }, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000}
            }
        },
    };
    static const DWORD caps[] = {0, DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY, DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY};

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(formats) / sizeof(*formats); i++)
    {
        struct format_support_check check = {&formats[i].fmt, FALSE};
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_EnumTextureFormats(device, test_unsupported_formats_cb, &check);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to enumerate texture formats %#x.\n", hr);

        for (j = 0; j < sizeof(caps) / sizeof(*caps); j++)
        {
            memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
            ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
            ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
            ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat = formats[i].fmt;
            ddsd.dwWidth = 4;
            ddsd.dwHeight = 4;
            ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | caps[j];

            if (caps[j] & DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY && !check.supported)
                expect_success = FALSE;
            else
                expect_success = TRUE;

            hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) == expect_success,
                    "Got unexpected hr %#x for format %s, caps %#x, expected %s.\n",
                    hr, formats[i].name, caps[j], expect_success ? "success" : "failure");
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;

            memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
            ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
            hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &ddsd);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);

            if (caps[j] & DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY)
                expected_caps = DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY;
            else if (caps[j] & DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY)
                expected_caps = DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
            else if (check.supported)
                expected_caps = DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY;
            else
                expected_caps = DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;

            ok(ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps & expected_caps,
                    "Expected capability %#x, format %s, input cap %#x.\n",
                    expected_caps, formats[i].name, caps[j]);

            IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
        }
    }

    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_rt_caps(void)
{
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    DWORD z_depth = 0;
    unsigned int i;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    static const DDPIXELFORMAT p8_fmt =
    {
        sizeof(DDPIXELFORMAT), DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 | DDPF_RGB, 0,
        {8}, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000}, {0x00000000},
    };

    static const struct
    {
        const DDPIXELFORMAT *pf;
        DWORD caps_in;
        DWORD caps_out;
        HRESULT create_device_hr;
        BOOL create_may_fail;
    }
    test_data[] =
    {
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            D3D_OK,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            D3D_OK,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            D3DERR_SURFACENOTINVIDMEM,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            D3D_OK,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            D3D_OK,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            0,
            DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            D3DERR_SURFACENOTINVIDMEM,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            &p8_fmt,
            0,
            DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            &p8_fmt,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            ~0U /* AMD r200 */ ,
            DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            &p8_fmt,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            &p8_fmt,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            &p8_fmt,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER | DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            TRUE /* AMD Evergreen */,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            ~0U /* AMD Evergreen */,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            ~0U /* AMD Evergreen */,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            FALSE,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            TRUE /* Nvidia Kepler */,
        },
        {
            NULL,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            TRUE /* Nvidia Kepler */,
        },
    };

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    z_depth = get_device_z_depth(device);
    ok(!!z_depth, "Failed to get device z depth.\n");
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_ALLOW256 | DDPCAPS_8BIT, palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(test_data) / sizeof(*test_data); ++i)
    {
        IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
        DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
        IDirect3DDevice *device;

        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
        surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = test_data[i].caps_in;
        if (test_data[i].pf)
        {
            surface_desc.dwFlags |= DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
            surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat = *test_data[i].pf;
        }
        if (test_data[i].caps_in & DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER)
        {
            surface_desc.dwFlags |= DDSD_ZBUFFERBITDEPTH;
            U2(surface_desc).dwZBufferBitDepth = z_depth;
        }
        surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
        surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || broken(test_data[i].create_may_fail),
                "Test %u: Failed to create surface with caps %#x, hr %#x.\n",
                i, test_data[i].caps_in, hr);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Test %u: Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        ok(test_data[i].caps_out == ~0U || surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps == test_data[i].caps_out,
                "Test %u: Got unexpected caps %#x, expected %#x.\n",
                i, surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps, test_data[i].caps_out);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirect3DHALDevice, (void **)&device);
        ok(hr == test_data[i].create_device_hr, "Test %u: Got unexpected hr %#x, expected %#x.\n",
                i, hr, test_data[i].create_device_hr);
        if (hr == DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED)
        {
            hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Test %u: Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
            hr = IDirectDrawSurface_QueryInterface(surface, &IID_IDirect3DHALDevice, (void **)&device);
            if (surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY)
                ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPIXELFORMAT, "Test %u: Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
            else
                ok(hr == D3DERR_SURFACENOTINVIDMEM, "Test %u: Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        }
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            refcount = IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
            ok(refcount == 1, "Test %u: Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", i, refcount);
        }

        refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
        ok(refcount == 0, "Test %u: The surface was not properly freed, refcount %u.\n", i, refcount);
    }

    IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(refcount == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed, refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_primary_caps(void)
{
    const DWORD placement = DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    unsigned int i;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    static const struct
    {
        DWORD coop_level;
        DWORD caps_in;
        DWORD back_buffer_count;
        HRESULT hr;
        DWORD caps_out;
    }
    test_data[] =
    {
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE,
            ~0u,
            DD_OK,
            DDSCAPS_VISIBLE | DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_TEXTURE,
            ~0u,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_FRONTBUFFER,
            ~0u,
            DD_OK,
            DDSCAPS_VISIBLE | DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_FRONTBUFFER,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER,
            ~0u,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            ~0u,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX,
            ~0u,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            ~0u,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            0,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_NORMAL,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            1,
            DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            0,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP,
            1,
            DD_OK,
            DDSCAPS_VISIBLE | DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_FRONTBUFFER | DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_FRONTBUFFER,
            1,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
        {
            DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN,
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER,
            1,
            DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
            ~0u,
        },
    };

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(test_data) / sizeof(*test_data); ++i)
    {
        hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, test_data[i].coop_level);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
        if (test_data[i].back_buffer_count != ~0u)
            surface_desc.dwFlags |= DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
        surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = test_data[i].caps_in;
        surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount = test_data[i].back_buffer_count;
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
        ok(hr == test_data[i].hr, "Test %u: Got unexpected hr %#x, expected %#x.\n", i, hr, test_data[i].hr);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Test %u: Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        ok((surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & ~placement) == test_data[i].caps_out,
                "Test %u: Got unexpected caps %#x, expected %#x.\n",
                i, surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps, test_data[i].caps_out);

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    }

    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(refcount == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed, refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_surface_lock(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    HRESULT hr;
    HWND window;
    unsigned int i;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    ULONG refcount;
    DWORD z_depth = 0;
    static const struct
    {
        DWORD caps;
        const char *name;
    }
    tests[] =
    {
        {
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,
            "videomemory offscreenplain"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            "systemmemory offscreenplain"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE,
            "primary"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,
            "videomemory texture"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,
            "systemmemory texture"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE,
            "render target"
        },
        {
            DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER,
            "Z buffer"
        },
    };

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    z_depth = get_device_z_depth(device);
    ok(!!z_depth, "Failed to get device z depth.\n");
    IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tests) / sizeof(*tests); i++)
    {
        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
        if (!(tests[i].caps & DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE))
        {
            ddsd.dwFlags |= DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
            ddsd.dwWidth = 64;
            ddsd.dwHeight = 64;
        }
        if (tests[i].caps & DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER)
        {
            ddsd.dwFlags |= DDSD_ZBUFFERBITDEPTH;
            U2(ddsd).dwZBufferBitDepth = z_depth;
        }
        ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = tests[i].caps;

        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, type %s, hr %#x.\n", tests[i].name, hr);

        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &ddsd, DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, type %s, hr %#x.\n", tests[i].name, hr);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, type %s, hr %#x.\n", tests[i].name, hr);
        }

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    }

    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(refcount == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed, refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_surface_discard(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HRESULT hr;
    HWND window;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *primary;
    void *addr;
    static const struct
    {
        DWORD caps;
        BOOL discard;
    }
    tests[] =
    {
        {DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY, TRUE},
        {DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY, FALSE},
        {DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY, TRUE},
        {DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY, FALSE},
    };
    unsigned int i;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(tests) / sizeof(*tests); i++)
    {
        BOOL discarded;

        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
        ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = tests[i].caps;
        ddsd.dwWidth = 64;
        ddsd.dwHeight = 64;
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            skip("Failed to create surface, skipping.\n");
            continue;
        }

        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &ddsd, DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        addr = ddsd.lpSurface;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &ddsd, DDLOCK_DISCARDCONTENTS | DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        discarded = ddsd.lpSurface != addr;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(primary, NULL, surface, NULL, DDBLT_WAIT, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to blit, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
        ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &ddsd, DDLOCK_DISCARDCONTENTS | DDLOCK_WAIT, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        discarded |= ddsd.lpSurface != addr;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

        /* Windows 7 reliably changes the address of surfaces that are discardable (Nvidia Kepler,
         * AMD r500, evergreen). Windows XP, at least on AMD r200, never changes the pointer. */
        ok(!discarded || tests[i].discard, "Expected surface not to be discarded, case %u\n", i);
    }

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_flip(void)
{
    const DWORD placement = DDSCAPS_LOCALVIDMEM | DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
    IDirectDrawSurface *primary, *backbuffer1, *backbuffer2, *backbuffer3, *surface;
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_FLIP};
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    BOOL sysmem_primary;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    DDBLTFX fx;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = set_display_mode(ddraw, 640, 480);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
    surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount = 3;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(primary, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok((surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & ~placement)
            == (DDSCAPS_VISIBLE | DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_FRONTBUFFER | DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX),
            "Got unexpected caps %#x.\n", surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps);
    sysmem_primary = surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(primary, &caps, &backbuffer1);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(backbuffer1, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount, "Got unexpected back buffer count %u.\n", surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount);
    ok((surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & ~placement) == (DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER),
            "Got unexpected caps %#x.\n", surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(backbuffer1, &caps, &backbuffer2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(backbuffer2, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount, "Got unexpected back buffer count %u.\n", surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount);
    ok((surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & ~placement) == (DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX),
            "Got unexpected caps %#x.\n", surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(backbuffer2, &caps, &backbuffer3);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(backbuffer3, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount, "Got unexpected back buffer count %u.\n", surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount);
    ok((surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps & ~placement) == (DDSCAPS_FLIP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX),
            "Got unexpected caps %#x.\n", surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(backbuffer3, &caps, &surface);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(surface == primary, "Got unexpected surface %p, expected %p.\n", surface, primary);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = 0;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 640;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 480;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, surface, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFLIPPABLE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, primary, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFLIPPABLE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(backbuffer1, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFLIPPABLE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(backbuffer2, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFLIPPABLE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(backbuffer3, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFLIPPABLE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&fx, 0, sizeof(fx));
    fx.dwSize = sizeof(fx);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xffff0000;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer1, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff00ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer2, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff0000ff;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer3, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer1, 320, 240);
    /* The testbot seems to just copy the contents of one surface to all the
     * others, instead of properly flipping. */
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer2, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xffff0000;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer3, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer1, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer2, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff00ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer3, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer1, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer2, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff0000ff;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer3, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, backbuffer1, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer2, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer3, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xffff0000;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer1, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, backbuffer2, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer1, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer3, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x000000ff, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    U5(fx).dwFillColor = 0xff00ff00;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(backbuffer2, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to fill surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(primary, backbuffer3, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to flip, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer1, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1) || broken(sysmem_primary && compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1)),
            "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);
    color = get_surface_color(backbuffer2, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x0000ff00, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(backbuffer3);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(backbuffer2);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(backbuffer1);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(refcount == 0, "The ddraw object was not properly freed, refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_sysmem_overlay(void)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    ULONG ref;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    ddsd.dwWidth = 16;
    ddsd.dwHeight = 16;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_OVERLAY;
    ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat);
    ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB;
    U1(ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(ddsd.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &surface, NULL);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOOVERLAYHW, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ref = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(ref == 0, "Ddraw object not properly released, refcount %u.\n", ref);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_primary_palette(void)
{
    DDSCAPS surface_caps = {DDSCAPS_FLIP};
    IDirectDrawSurface *primary, *backbuffer;
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette, *tmp;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    DWORD palette_caps;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (FAILED(IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, 640, 480, 8)))
    {
        win_skip("Failed to set 8 bpp display mode, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
    surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount = 1;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(primary, &surface_caps, &backbuffer);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256, palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)palette);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_GetCaps(palette, &palette_caps);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette caps, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette_caps == (DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256), "Got unexpected palette caps %#x.\n", palette_caps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(primary, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* The Windows 8 testbot attaches the palette to the backbuffer as well,
     * and is generally somewhat broken with respect to 8 bpp / palette
     * handling. */
    if (SUCCEEDED(IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(backbuffer, &tmp)))
    {
        win_skip("Broken palette handling detected, skipping tests.\n");
        IDirectDrawPalette_Release(tmp);
        IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
        /* The Windows 8 testbot keeps extra references to the primary and
         * backbuffer while in 8 bpp mode. */
        hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to restore display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        goto done;
    }

    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)palette);
    ok(refcount == 2, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_GetCaps(palette, &palette_caps);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette caps, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette_caps == (DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256),
            "Got unexpected palette caps %#x.\n", palette_caps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)palette);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_GetCaps(palette, &palette_caps);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette caps, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette_caps == (DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256), "Got unexpected palette caps %#x.\n", palette_caps);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(primary, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)palette);
    ok(refcount == 2, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(primary, &tmp);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(tmp == palette, "Got unexpected palette %p, expected %p.\n", tmp, palette);
    IDirectDrawPalette_Release(tmp);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(backbuffer, &tmp);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    /* Note that this only seems to work when the palette is attached to the
     * primary surface. When attached to a regular surface, attempting to get
     * the palette here will cause an access violation. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(primary, &tmp);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

done:
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(backbuffer);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static HRESULT WINAPI surface_counter(IDirectDrawSurface *surface, DDSURFACEDESC *desc, void *context)
{
    UINT *surface_count = context;

    ++(*surface_count);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    return DDENUMRET_OK;
}

static void test_surface_attachment(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface1, *surface2, *surface3, *surface4;
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_TEXTURE};
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    UINT surface_count;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP;
    U2(surface_desc).dwMipMapCount = 3;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface1, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(surface1, &caps, &surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get mip level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(surface2, &caps, &surface3);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get mip level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(surface3, &caps, &surface4);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFOUND, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    surface_count = 0;
    IDirectDrawSurface_EnumAttachedSurfaces(surface1, &surface_count, surface_counter);
    ok(surface_count == 1, "Got unexpected surface_count %u.\n", surface_count);
    surface_count = 0;
    IDirectDrawSurface_EnumAttachedSurfaces(surface2, &surface_count, surface_counter);
    ok(surface_count == 1, "Got unexpected surface_count %u.\n", surface_count);
    surface_count = 0;
    IDirectDrawSurface_EnumAttachedSurfaces(surface3, &surface_count, surface_counter);
    ok(!surface_count, "Got unexpected surface_count %u.\n", surface_count);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 16;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 16;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface4, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface4);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface1);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface3, surface4);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface3);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface2, surface4);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface2);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface4);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY | DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 16;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 16;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface4, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface4)))
    {
        skip("Running on refrast, skipping some tests.\n");
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface1, 0, surface4);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    }
    else
    {
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface1);
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface3, surface4);
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface3);
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface2, surface4);
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface2);
        ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    }

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface4);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface3);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface2);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface1);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Try a single primary and two offscreen plain surfaces. */
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface1, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    surface_desc.dwHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface2, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
    surface_desc.dwHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface3, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* This one has a different size. */
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface4, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    /* Try the reverse without detaching first. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface2, surface1);
    ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACEALREADYATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface1, 0, surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface2, surface1);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    /* Try to detach reversed. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface1, 0, surface2);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTDETACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface2, 0, surface1);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface2, surface3);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface2, 0, surface3);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface4);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface4, surface1);
    ok(hr == DDERR_CANNOTATTACHSURFACE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface4);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface3);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface2);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface1);

    /* Test DeleteAttachedSurface() and automatic detachment of attached surfaces on release. */
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 64;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 64;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB; /* D3DFMT_R5G6B5 */
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 16;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0xf800;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x07e0;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x001f;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface1, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface3, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_ZBUFFER;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_ZBUFFER;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwZBufferBitDepth = 16;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwZBitMask = 0x0000ffff;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface2, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)surface2);
    ok(refcount == 2, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface2);
    ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACEALREADYATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Attaching while already attached to other surface. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface3, surface2);
    todo_wine ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface3, 0, surface2);
    todo_wine ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface3);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_DeleteAttachedSurface(surface1, 0, surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to detach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)surface2);
    ok(refcount == 1, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    /* Automatic detachment on release. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_AddAttachedSurface(surface1, surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    refcount = get_refcount((IUnknown *)surface2);
    ok(refcount == 2, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface1);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface2);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_pixel_format(void)
{
    HWND window, window2 = NULL;
    HDC hdc, hdc2 = NULL;
    HMODULE gl = NULL;
    int format, test_format;
    PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw = NULL;
    IDirectDrawClipper *clipper = NULL;
    DDSURFACEDESC ddsd;
    IDirectDrawSurface *primary = NULL;
    DDBLTFX fx;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
            100, 100, 160, 160, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (!window)
    {
        skip("Failed to create window\n");
        return;
    }

    window2 = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
            100, 100, 160, 160, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

    hdc = GetDC(window);
    if (!hdc)
    {
        skip("Failed to get DC\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (window2)
        hdc2 = GetDC(window2);

    gl = LoadLibraryA("opengl32.dll");
    ok(!!gl, "failed to load opengl32.dll; SetPixelFormat()/GetPixelFormat() may not work right\n");

    format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
    ok(format == 0, "new window has pixel format %d\n", format);

    ZeroMemory(&pfd, sizeof(pfd));
    pfd.nSize = sizeof(pfd);
    pfd.nVersion = 1;
    pfd.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL;
    pfd.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA;
    pfd.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE;
    format = ChoosePixelFormat(hdc, &pfd);
    if (format <= 0)
    {
        skip("no pixel format available\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (!SetPixelFormat(hdc, format, &pfd) || GetPixelFormat(hdc) != format)
    {
        skip("failed to set pixel format\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (!hdc2 || !SetPixelFormat(hdc2, format, &pfd) || GetPixelFormat(hdc2) != format)
    {
        skip("failed to set pixel format on second window\n");
        if (hdc2)
        {
            ReleaseDC(window2, hdc2);
            hdc2 = NULL;
        }
    }

    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");

    test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
    ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        skip("Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
    ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

    if (hdc2)
    {
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateClipper(ddraw, 0, &clipper, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirectDrawClipper_SetHWnd(clipper, 0, window2);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper window, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
        ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc2);
        ok(test_format == format, "second window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);
    }

    memset(&ddsd, 0, sizeof(ddsd));
    ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
    ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;

    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &ddsd, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n",hr);

    test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
    ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

    if (hdc2)
    {
        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc2);
        ok(test_format == format, "second window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);
    }

    if (clipper)
    {
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetClipper(primary, clipper);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set clipper, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
        ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc2);
        ok(test_format == format, "second window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);
    }

    memset(&fx, 0, sizeof(fx));
    fx.dwSize = sizeof(fx);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(primary, NULL, NULL, NULL, DDBLT_COLORFILL | DDBLT_WAIT, &fx);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc);
    ok(test_format == format, "window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);

    if (hdc2)
    {
        test_format = GetPixelFormat(hdc2);
        ok(test_format == format, "second window has pixel format %d, expected %d\n", test_format, format);
    }

cleanup:
    if (primary) IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    if (clipper) IDirectDrawClipper_Release(clipper);
    if (ddraw) IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    if (gl) FreeLibrary(gl);
    if (hdc) ReleaseDC(window, hdc);
    if (hdc2) ReleaseDC(window2, hdc2);
    if (window) DestroyWindow(window);
    if (window2) DestroyWindow(window2);
}

static void test_create_surface_pitch(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    unsigned int i;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    void *mem;

    static const struct
    {
        DWORD placement;
        DWORD flags_in;
        DWORD pitch_in;
        HRESULT hr;
        DWORD flags_out;
        DWORD pitch_out32;
        DWORD pitch_out64;
    }
    test_data[] =
    {
        {DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,   0,                              0,      DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x100},
        {DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,   DDSD_PITCH,                     0x104,  DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x100},
        {DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,   DDSD_PITCH,                     0x0f8,  DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x100},
        {DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY,   DDSD_LPSURFACE | DDSD_PITCH,    0x100,  DDERR_INVALIDCAPS,
                                0,                              0,      0    },
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  0,                              0,      DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x0fc},
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  DDSD_PITCH,                     0x104,  DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x0fc},
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  DDSD_PITCH,                     0x0f8,  DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x0fc},
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  DDSD_PITCH | DDSD_LINEARSIZE,   0,      DD_OK,
                                DDSD_PITCH,                     0x100,  0x0fc},
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  DDSD_LPSURFACE,                 0,      DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS,
                                0,                              0,      0    },
        {DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY,  DDSD_LPSURFACE | DDSD_PITCH,    0x100,  DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS,
                                0,                              0,      0    },
    };
    DWORD flags_mask = DDSD_PITCH | DDSD_LPSURFACE | DDSD_LINEARSIZE;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    mem = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ((63 * 4) + 8) * 63);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(test_data) / sizeof(*test_data); ++i)
    {
        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT | test_data[i].flags_in;
        surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN | test_data[i].placement;
        surface_desc.dwWidth = 63;
        surface_desc.dwHeight = 63;
        U1(surface_desc).lPitch = test_data[i].pitch_in;
        surface_desc.lpSurface = mem;
        surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
        surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB;
        U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
        U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
        U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
        U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
        ok(hr == test_data[i].hr || (test_data[i].placement == DDSCAPS_VIDEOMEMORY && hr == DDERR_NODIRECTDRAWHW),
                "Test %u: Got unexpected hr %#x, expected %#x.\n", i, hr, test_data[i].hr);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Test %u: Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        ok((surface_desc.dwFlags & flags_mask) == test_data[i].flags_out,
                "Test %u: Got unexpected flags %#x, expected %#x.\n",
                i, surface_desc.dwFlags & flags_mask, test_data[i].flags_out);
        if (sizeof(void *) != sizeof(DWORD) && test_data[i].pitch_out32 != test_data[i].pitch_out64)
            todo_wine ok(U1(surface_desc).lPitch == test_data[i].pitch_out64,
                    "Test %u: Got unexpected pitch %u, expected %u.\n",
                    i, U1(surface_desc).lPitch, test_data[i].pitch_out64);
        else
            ok(U1(surface_desc).lPitch == test_data[i].pitch_out32,
                    "Test %u: Got unexpected pitch %u, expected %u.\n",
                    i, U1(surface_desc).lPitch, test_data[i].pitch_out32);
        ok(!surface_desc.lpSurface, "Test %u: Got unexpected lpSurface %p.\n", i, surface_desc.lpSurface);

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    }

    HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, mem);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_mipmap_lock(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *surface2;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_COMPLEX};
    DDCAPS hal_caps;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&hal_caps, 0, sizeof(hal_caps));
    hal_caps.dwSize = sizeof(hal_caps);
    hr = IDirectDraw_GetCaps(ddraw, &hal_caps, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get caps, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if ((hal_caps.ddsCaps.dwCaps & (DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP)) != (DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP))
    {
        skip("Mipmapped textures not supported, skipping mipmap lock test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 4;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 4;
    U2(surface_desc).dwMipMapCount = 2;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP
            | DDSCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(surface, &caps, &surface2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &surface_desc, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface2, NULL, &surface_desc, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface2, NULL);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface2);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_palette_complex(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *mipmap, *tmp;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette, *palette2, *palette_mipmap;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    DDSCAPS caps = {DDSCAPS_COMPLEX};
    DDCAPS hal_caps;
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    unsigned int i;
    HDC dc;
    RGBQUAD rgbquad;
    UINT count;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&hal_caps, 0, sizeof(hal_caps));
    hal_caps.dwSize = sizeof(hal_caps);
    hr = IDirectDraw_GetCaps(ddraw, &hal_caps, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get caps, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    if ((hal_caps.ddsCaps.dwCaps & (DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP)) != (DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP))
    {
        skip("Mipmapped textures not supported, skipping mipmap palette test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_TEXTURE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_MIPMAP;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 | DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 8;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256,
            palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peRed = 0xff;
    palette_entries[1].peGreen = 0x80;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256,
            palette_entries, &palette_mipmap, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    palette2 = (void *)0xdeadbeef;
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(surface, &palette2);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!palette2, "Got unexpected palette %p.\n", palette2);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(surface, &palette2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette == palette2, "Got unexpected palette %p.\n", palette2);
    IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette2);

    mipmap = surface;
    IDirectDrawSurface_AddRef(mipmap);
    for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
    {
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(mipmap, &caps, &tmp);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get attached surface, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        palette2 = (void *)0xdeadbeef;
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(tmp, &palette2);
        ok(hr == DDERR_NOPALETTEATTACHED, "Got unexpected hr %#x, i %u.\n", hr, i);
        ok(!palette2, "Got unexpected palette %p, i %u.\n", palette2, i);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(tmp, palette_mipmap);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetPalette(tmp, &palette2);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        ok(palette_mipmap == palette2, "Got unexpected palette %p.\n", palette2);
        IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette2);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(tmp, &dc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);
        count = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 1, 1, &rgbquad);
        ok(count == 1, "Expected count 1, got %u.\n", count);
        ok(rgbquad.rgbRed == 0xff, "Expected rgbRed = 0xff, got %#x.\n", rgbquad.rgbRed);
        ok(rgbquad.rgbGreen == 0x80, "Expected rgbGreen = 0x80, got %#x.\n", rgbquad.rgbGreen);
        ok(rgbquad.rgbBlue == 0x0, "Expected rgbBlue = 0x0, got %#x.\n", rgbquad.rgbBlue);
        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(tmp, dc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, i %u, hr %#x.\n", i, hr);

        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(mipmap);
        mipmap = tmp;
    }

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetAttachedSurface(mipmap, &caps, &tmp);
    ok(hr == DDERR_NOTFOUND, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(mipmap);
    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette_mipmap);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_p8_rgb_blit(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *src, *dst;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    unsigned int x;
    static const BYTE src_data[] = {0x10, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0xff, 0x80};
    static const D3DCOLOR expected[] =
    {
        0x00101010, 0x00010101, 0x00020202, 0x00030303,
        0x00040404, 0x00050505, 0x00ffffff, 0x00808080,
    };
    D3DCOLOR color;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peGreen = 0xff;
    palette_entries[2].peBlue = 0xff;
    palette_entries[3].peFlags = 0xff;
    palette_entries[4].peRed = 0xff;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256,
            palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 8;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 1;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 | DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 8;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &src, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 8;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 1;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
    U5(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBAlphaBitMask = 0xff000000;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &dst, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(src, NULL, &surface_desc, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    memcpy(surface_desc.lpSurface, src_data, sizeof(src_data));
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(src, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock source surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(src, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Blt(dst, NULL, src, NULL, DDBLT_WAIT, NULL);
    /* The r500 Windows 7 driver returns E_NOTIMPL. r200 on Windows XP works.
     * The Geforce 7 driver on Windows Vista returns E_FAIL. Newer Nvidia GPUs work. */
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || broken(hr == E_NOTIMPL) || broken(hr == E_FAIL),
            "Failed to blit, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        for (x = 0; x < sizeof(expected) / sizeof(*expected); x++)
        {
            color = get_surface_color(dst, x, 0);
            todo_wine ok(compare_color(color, expected[x], 0),
                    "Pixel %u: Got color %#x, expected %#x.\n",
                    x, color, expected[x]);
        }
    }

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(src);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(dst);
    IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);

    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_material(void)
{
    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer *execute_buffer;
    D3DMATERIALHANDLE mat_handle, tmp;
    D3DEXECUTEBUFFERDESC exec_desc;
    IDirect3DMaterial *material;
    IDirect3DViewport *viewport;
    IDirect3DDevice *device;
    IDirectDrawSurface *rt;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    UINT inst_length;
    D3DCOLOR color;
    ULONG refcount;
    unsigned int i;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    BOOL valid;
    void *ptr;

    static D3DVERTEX quad[] =
    {
        {{-1.0f}, {-1.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{-1.0f}, { 1.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{ 1.0f}, {-1.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
        {{ 1.0f}, { 1.0f}, {0.0f}, {1.0f}, {0.0f}, {0.0f}},
    };
    static const struct
    {
        BOOL material;
        D3DCOLOR expected_color;
    }
    test_data[] =
    {
        {TRUE,  0x0000ff00},
        {FALSE, 0x00ffffff},
    };
    static D3DRECT clear_rect = {{0}, {0}, {640}, {480}};

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (!(device = create_device(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL)))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a 3D device, skipping test.\n");
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_QueryInterface(device, &IID_IDirectDrawSurface, (void **)&rt);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get render target, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    material = create_diffuse_material(device, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);
    viewport_set_background(device, viewport, material);

    destroy_material(material);
    material = create_emissive_material(device, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    hr = IDirect3DMaterial_GetHandle(material, device, &mat_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get material handle, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&exec_desc, 0, sizeof(exec_desc));
    exec_desc.dwSize = sizeof(exec_desc);
    exec_desc.dwFlags = D3DDEB_BUFSIZE | D3DDEB_CAPS;
    exec_desc.dwBufferSize = 1024;
    exec_desc.dwCaps = D3DDEBCAPS_SYSTEMMEMORY;

    hr = IDirect3DDevice_CreateExecuteBuffer(device, &exec_desc, &execute_buffer, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(test_data) / sizeof(*test_data); ++i)
    {
        hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Lock(execute_buffer, &exec_desc);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        memcpy(exec_desc.lpData, quad, sizeof(quad));
        ptr = ((BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData) + sizeof(quad);
        emit_set_ls(&ptr, D3DLIGHTSTATE_MATERIAL, test_data[i].material ? mat_handle : 0);
        emit_process_vertices(&ptr, D3DPROCESSVERTICES_TRANSFORMLIGHT, 0, 4);
        emit_tquad(&ptr, 0);
        emit_end(&ptr);
        inst_length = (BYTE *)ptr - (BYTE *)exec_desc.lpData;
        inst_length -= sizeof(quad);

        hr = IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Unlock(execute_buffer);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock execute buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);

        hr = IDirect3DDevice_BeginScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to begin scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        set_execute_data(execute_buffer, 4, sizeof(quad), inst_length);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_Execute(device, execute_buffer, viewport, D3DEXECUTE_CLIPPED);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to execute exec buffer, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        hr = IDirect3DDevice_EndScene(device);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to end scene, hr %#x.\n", hr);
        color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
        if (test_data[i].material)
            todo_wine ok(compare_color(color, test_data[i].expected_color, 1)
                    /* The Windows 8 testbot appears to return undefined results. */
                    || broken(TRUE),
                    "Got unexpected color 0x%08x, test %u.\n", color, i);
        else
            ok(compare_color(color, test_data[i].expected_color, 1),
                    "Got unexpected color 0x%08x, test %u.\n", color, i);
    }

    destroy_material(material);
    material = create_diffuse_material(device, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    hr = IDirect3DMaterial_GetHandle(material, device, &mat_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get material handle, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_SetBackground(viewport, mat_handle);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set viewport background, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_GetBackground(viewport, &tmp, &valid);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get viewport background, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(tmp == mat_handle, "Got unexpected material handle %#x, expected %#x.\n", tmp, mat_handle);
    ok(valid, "Got unexpected valid %#x.\n", valid);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_SetBackground(viewport, 0);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_GetBackground(viewport, &tmp, &valid);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get viewport background, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(tmp == mat_handle, "Got unexpected material handle %#x, expected %#x.\n", tmp, mat_handle);
    ok(valid, "Got unexpected valid %#x.\n", valid);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00ff0000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    viewport = create_viewport(device, 0, 0, 640, 480);

    hr = IDirect3DViewport_GetBackground(viewport, &tmp, &valid);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get viewport background, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!tmp, "Got unexpected material handle %#x.\n", tmp);
    ok(!valid, "Got unexpected valid %#x.\n", valid);
    hr = IDirect3DViewport_Clear(viewport, 1, &clear_rect, D3DCLEAR_TARGET);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to clear viewport, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    color = get_surface_color(rt, 320, 240);
    ok(compare_color(color, 0x00000000, 1), "Got unexpected color 0x%08x.\n", color);

    IDirect3DExecuteBuffer_Release(execute_buffer);
    destroy_viewport(device, viewport);
    destroy_material(material);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(rt);
    refcount = IDirect3DDevice_Release(device);
    ok(!refcount, "Device has %u references left.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Ddraw object has %u references left.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_palette_gdi(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface, *primary;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette, *palette2;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    UINT i;
    HDC dc;
    /* On the Windows 8 testbot palette index 0 of the onscreen palette is forced to
     * r = 0, g = 0, b = 0. Do not attempt to set it to something else as this is
     * not the point of this test. */
    static const RGBQUAD expected1[] =
    {
        {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00},
        {0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x15, 0x14, 0x13, 0x00},
    };
    static const RGBQUAD expected2[] =
    {
        {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00},
        {0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x25, 0x24, 0x23, 0x00},
    };
    static const RGBQUAD expected3[] =
    {
        {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00},
        {0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0x00},
    };
    HPALETTE ddraw_palette_handle;
    /* Similar to index 0, index 255 is r = 0xff, g = 0xff, b = 0xff on the Win8 VMs. */
    RGBQUAD rgbquad[255];
    static const RGBQUAD rgb_zero = {0, 0, 0, 0};

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 16;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 16;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_PALETTEINDEXED8 | DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 8;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Avoid colors from the Windows default palette. */
    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peRed = 0x01;
    palette_entries[2].peGreen = 0x02;
    palette_entries[3].peBlue = 0x03;
    palette_entries[4].peRed = 0x13;
    palette_entries[4].peGreen = 0x14;
    palette_entries[4].peBlue = 0x15;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256,
            palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* If there is no palette assigned and the display mode is not 8 bpp, some
     * drivers refuse to create a DC while others allow it. If a DC is created,
     * the DIB color table is uninitialized and contains random colors. No error
     * is generated when trying to read pixels and random garbage is returned.
     *
     * The most likely explanation is that if the driver creates a DC, it (or
     * the higher-level runtime) uses GetSystemPaletteEntries to find the
     * palette, but GetSystemPaletteEntries fails when bpp > 8 and the palette
     * contains uninitialized garbage. See comments below for the P8 case. */

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(surface, &dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ddraw_palette_handle = SelectPalette(dc, GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE), FALSE);
    ok(ddraw_palette_handle == GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE),
            "Got unexpected palette %p, expected %p.\n",
            ddraw_palette_handle, GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE));

    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 0, sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), rgbquad);
    ok(i == sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), "Expected count 255, got %u.\n", i);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(expected1) / sizeof(*expected1); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &expected1[i], sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue,
                expected1[i].rgbRed, expected1[i].rgbGreen, expected1[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    for (; i < sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &rgb_zero, sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=0 g=0 b=0.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue);
    }

    /* Update the palette while the DC is in use. This does not modify the DC. */
    palette_entries[4].peRed = 0x23;
    palette_entries[4].peGreen = 0x24;
    palette_entries[4].peBlue = 0x25;
    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_SetEntries(palette, 0, 4, 1, &palette_entries[4]);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette entries, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 4, 1, &rgbquad[4]);
    ok(i == 1, "Expected count 1, got %u.\n", i);
    ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[4], &expected1[4], sizeof(rgbquad[4])),
            "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
            i, rgbquad[4].rgbRed, rgbquad[4].rgbGreen, rgbquad[4].rgbBlue,
            expected1[4].rgbRed, expected1[4].rgbGreen, expected1[4].rgbBlue);

    /* Neither does re-setting the palette. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 4, 1, &rgbquad[4]);
    ok(i == 1, "Expected count 1, got %u.\n", i);
    ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[4], &expected1[4], sizeof(rgbquad[4])),
            "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
            i, rgbquad[4].rgbRed, rgbquad[4].rgbGreen, rgbquad[4].rgbBlue,
            expected1[4].rgbRed, expected1[4].rgbGreen, expected1[4].rgbBlue);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(surface, dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Refresh the DC. This updates the palette. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(surface, &dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 0, sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), rgbquad);
    ok(i == sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), "Expected count 255, got %u.\n", i);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(expected2) / sizeof(*expected2); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &expected2[i], sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue,
                expected2[i].rgbRed, expected2[i].rgbGreen, expected2[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    for (; i < sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &rgb_zero, sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=0 g=0 b=0.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(surface, dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    if (FAILED(IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, 640, 480, 8)))
    {
        win_skip("Failed to set 8 bpp display mode, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &primary, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(primary, palette);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(primary, &dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ddraw_palette_handle = SelectPalette(dc, GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE), FALSE);
    /* Windows 2000 on the testbot assigns a different palette to the primary. Refrast? */
    ok(ddraw_palette_handle == GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE) || broken(TRUE),
            "Got unexpected palette %p, expected %p.\n",
            ddraw_palette_handle, GetStockObject(DEFAULT_PALETTE));
    SelectPalette(dc, ddraw_palette_handle, FALSE);

    /* The primary uses the system palette. In exclusive mode, the system palette matches
     * the ddraw palette attached to the primary, so the result is what you would expect
     * from a regular surface. Tests for the interaction between the ddraw palette and
     * the system palette are not included pending an application that depends on this.
     * The relation between those causes problems on Windows Vista and newer for games
     * like Age of Empires or Starcraft. Don't emulate it without a real need. */
    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 0, sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), rgbquad);
    ok(i == sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), "Expected count 255, got %u.\n", i);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(expected2) / sizeof(*expected2); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &expected2[i], sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue,
                expected2[i].rgbRed, expected2[i].rgbGreen, expected2[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    for (; i < sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &rgb_zero, sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=0 g=0 b=0.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(primary, dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 16;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 16;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Here the offscreen surface appears to use the primary's palette,
     * but in all likelyhood it is actually the system palette. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(surface, &dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 0, sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), rgbquad);
    ok(i == sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), "Expected count 255, got %u.\n", i);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(expected2) / sizeof(*expected2); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &expected2[i], sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue,
                expected2[i].rgbRed, expected2[i].rgbGreen, expected2[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    for (; i < sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &rgb_zero, sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=0 g=0 b=0.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(surface, dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* On real hardware a change to the primary surface's palette applies immediately,
     * even on device contexts from offscreen surfaces that do not have their own
     * palette. On the testbot VMs this is not the case. Don't test this until we
     * know of an application that depends on this. */

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peBlue = 0x40;
    palette_entries[2].peRed = 0x40;
    palette_entries[3].peGreen = 0x40;
    palette_entries[4].peRed = 0x12;
    palette_entries[4].peGreen = 0x34;
    palette_entries[4].peBlue = 0x56;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256,
            palette_entries, &palette2, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette2);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* A palette assigned to the offscreen surface overrides the primary / system
     * palette. */
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(surface, &dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    i = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 0, sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), rgbquad);
    ok(i == sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad), "Expected count 255, got %u.\n", i);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(expected3) / sizeof(*expected3); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &expected3[i], sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue,
                expected3[i].rgbRed, expected3[i].rgbGreen, expected3[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    for (; i < sizeof(rgbquad) / sizeof(*rgbquad); i++)
    {
        ok(!memcmp(&rgbquad[i], &rgb_zero, sizeof(rgbquad[i])),
                "Got color table entry %u r=%#x g=%#x b=%#x, expected r=0 g=0 b=0.\n",
                i, rgbquad[i].rgbRed, rgbquad[i].rgbGreen, rgbquad[i].rgbBlue);
    }
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(surface, dc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);

    /* The Windows 8 testbot keeps extra references to the primary and
     * backbuffer while in 8 bpp mode. */
    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to restore display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    refcount = IDirectDrawSurface_Release(primary);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette2);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_palette_alpha(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    IDirectDrawPalette *palette;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    PALETTEENTRY palette_entries[256];
    unsigned int i;
    static const struct
    {
        DWORD caps, flags;
        BOOL attach_allowed;
        const char *name;
    }
    test_data[] =
    {
        {DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN, DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT, FALSE, "offscreenplain"},
        {DDSCAPS_TEXTURE, DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT, TRUE, "texture"},
        {DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE, 0, FALSE, "primary"}
    };

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    if (FAILED(IDirectDraw_SetDisplayMode(ddraw, 640, 480, 8)))
    {
        win_skip("Failed to set 8 bpp display mode, skipping test.\n");
        IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
        DestroyWindow(window);
        return;
    }
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peFlags = 0x42;
    palette_entries[2].peFlags = 0xff;
    palette_entries[3].peFlags = 0x80;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_ALLOW256 | DDPCAPS_8BIT, palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0x66, sizeof(palette_entries));
    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_GetEntries(palette, 0, 1, 4, palette_entries);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette entries, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette_entries[0].peFlags == 0x42, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0xff.\n",
            palette_entries[0].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[1].peFlags == 0xff, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0xff.\n",
            palette_entries[1].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[2].peFlags == 0x80, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0x80.\n",
            palette_entries[2].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[3].peFlags == 0x00, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0x00.\n",
            palette_entries[3].peFlags);

    IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);

    memset(palette_entries, 0, sizeof(palette_entries));
    palette_entries[1].peFlags = 0x42;
    palette_entries[1].peRed   = 0xff;
    palette_entries[2].peFlags = 0xff;
    palette_entries[3].peFlags = 0x80;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreatePalette(ddraw, DDPCAPS_ALLOW256 | DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALPHA,
            palette_entries, &palette, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create palette, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(palette_entries, 0x66, sizeof(palette_entries));
    hr = IDirectDrawPalette_GetEntries(palette, 0, 1, 4, palette_entries);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get palette entries, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(palette_entries[0].peFlags == 0x42, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0xff.\n",
            palette_entries[0].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[1].peFlags == 0xff, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0xff.\n",
            palette_entries[1].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[2].peFlags == 0x80, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0x80.\n",
            palette_entries[2].peFlags);
    ok(palette_entries[3].peFlags == 0x00, "Got unexpected peFlags 0x%02x, expected 0x00.\n",
            palette_entries[3].peFlags);

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(test_data) / sizeof(*test_data); i++)
    {
        memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
        surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
        surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | test_data[i].flags;
        surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
        surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
        surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = test_data[i].caps;
        hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
        ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create %s surface, hr %#x.\n", test_data[i].name, hr);

        hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
        if (test_data[i].attach_allowed)
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to attach palette to %s surface, hr %#x.\n", test_data[i].name, hr);
        else
            ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDSURFACETYPE, "Got unexpected hr %#x, %s surface.\n", hr, test_data[i].name);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            HDC dc;
            RGBQUAD rgbquad;
            UINT retval;

            hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetDC(surface, &dc);
            ok(SUCCEEDED(hr) || broken(hr == DDERR_CANTCREATEDC) /* Win2k testbot */,
                    "Failed to get DC, hr %#x, %s surface.\n", hr, test_data[i].name);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                retval = GetDIBColorTable(dc, 1, 1, &rgbquad);
                ok(retval == 1, "GetDIBColorTable returned unexpected result %u.\n", retval);
                ok(rgbquad.rgbRed == 0xff, "Expected rgbRed = 0xff, got %#x, %s surface.\n",
                        rgbquad.rgbRed, test_data[i].name);
                ok(rgbquad.rgbGreen == 0, "Expected rgbGreen = 0, got %#x, %s surface.\n",
                        rgbquad.rgbGreen, test_data[i].name);
                ok(rgbquad.rgbBlue == 0, "Expected rgbBlue = 0, got %#x, %s surface.\n",
                        rgbquad.rgbBlue, test_data[i].name);
                todo_wine ok(rgbquad.rgbReserved == 0, "Expected rgbReserved = 0, got %u, %s surface.\n",
                        rgbquad.rgbReserved, test_data[i].name);
                hr = IDirectDrawSurface_ReleaseDC(surface, dc);
                ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to release DC, hr %#x.\n", hr);
            }
        }
        IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    }

    /* Test INVALIDSURFACETYPE vs INVALIDPIXELFORMAT. */
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 128;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 128;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat);
    surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat.dwFlags = DDPF_RGB;
    U1(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRGBBitCount = 32;
    U2(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwRBitMask = 0x00ff0000;
    U3(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwGBitMask = 0x0000ff00;
    U4(surface_desc.ddpfPixelFormat).dwBBitMask = 0x000000ff;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_SetPalette(surface, palette);
    ok(hr == DDERR_INVALIDSURFACETYPE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);

    /* The Windows 8 testbot keeps extra references to the primary
     * while in 8 bpp mode. */
    hr = IDirectDraw_RestoreDisplayMode(ddraw);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to restore display mode, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    refcount = IDirectDrawPalette_Release(palette);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_lost_device(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;
    BOOL ret;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX | DDSCAPS_FLIP;
    surface_desc.dwBackBufferCount = 1;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(surface, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ret = SetForegroundWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
    ok(ret, "Failed to set foreground window.\n");
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(surface, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ret = SetForegroundWindow(window);
    ok(ret, "Failed to set foreground window.\n");
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(surface, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = restore_surfaces(ddraw);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(surface, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Flip(surface, NULL, DDFLIP_WAIT);
    todo_wine ok(hr == DDERR_NOEXCLUSIVEMODE, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    /* Trying to restore the primary will crash, probably because flippable
     * surfaces can't exist in DDSCL_NORMAL. */
    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ret = SetForegroundWindow(GetDesktopWindow());
    ok(ret, "Failed to set foreground window.\n");
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    ret = SetForegroundWindow(window);
    ok(ret, "Failed to set foreground window.\n");
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_FULLSCREEN);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DDERR_SURFACELOST, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    hr = restore_surfaces(ddraw);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_IsLost(surface);
    ok(hr == DD_OK, "Got unexpected hr %#x.\n", hr);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

static void test_surface_desc_lock(void)
{
    IDirectDrawSurface *surface;
    DDSURFACEDESC surface_desc;
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;
    ULONG refcount;
    HWND window;
    HRESULT hr;

    window = CreateWindowA("static", "ddraw_test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    ddraw = create_ddraw();
    ok(!!ddraw, "Failed to create a ddraw object.\n");
    hr = IDirectDraw_SetCooperativeLevel(ddraw, window, DDSCL_NORMAL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to set cooperative level, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    surface_desc.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT;
    surface_desc.dwWidth = 16;
    surface_desc.dwHeight = 16;
    surface_desc.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_OFFSCREENPLAIN;
    hr = IDirectDraw_CreateSurface(ddraw, &surface_desc, &surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to create surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0xaa, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.lpSurface, "Got unexpected lpSurface %p.\n", surface_desc.lpSurface);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0xaa, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Lock(surface, NULL, &surface_desc, 0, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to lock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(surface_desc.lpSurface != NULL, "Got unexpected lpSurface %p.\n", surface_desc.lpSurface);
    memset(&surface_desc, 0xaa, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.lpSurface, "Got unexpected lpSurface %p.\n", surface_desc.lpSurface);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_Unlock(surface, NULL);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to unlock surface, hr %#x.\n", hr);

    memset(&surface_desc, 0xaa, sizeof(surface_desc));
    surface_desc.dwSize = sizeof(surface_desc);
    hr = IDirectDrawSurface_GetSurfaceDesc(surface, &surface_desc);
    ok(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Failed to get surface desc, hr %#x.\n", hr);
    ok(!surface_desc.lpSurface, "Got unexpected lpSurface %p.\n", surface_desc.lpSurface);

    IDirectDrawSurface_Release(surface);
    refcount = IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);
    ok(!refcount, "Got unexpected refcount %u.\n", refcount);
    DestroyWindow(window);
}

START_TEST(ddraw1)
{
    IDirectDraw *ddraw;

    if (!(ddraw = create_ddraw()))
    {
        skip("Failed to create a ddraw object, skipping tests.\n");
        return;
    }
    IDirectDraw_Release(ddraw);

    test_coop_level_create_device_window();
    test_clipper_blt();
    test_coop_level_d3d_state();
    test_surface_interface_mismatch();
    test_coop_level_threaded();
    test_viewport();
    test_zenable();
    test_ck_rgba();
    test_ck_default();
    test_ck_complex();
    test_surface_qi();
    test_device_qi();
    test_wndproc();
    test_window_style();
    test_redundant_mode_set();
    test_coop_level_mode_set();
    test_coop_level_mode_set_multi();
    test_initialize();
    test_coop_level_surf_create();
    test_coop_level_multi_window();
    test_clear_rect_count();
    test_coop_level_activateapp();
    test_unsupported_formats();
    test_rt_caps();
    test_primary_caps();
    test_surface_lock();
    test_surface_discard();
    test_flip();
    test_sysmem_overlay();
    test_primary_palette();
    test_surface_attachment();
    test_pixel_format();
    test_create_surface_pitch();
    test_mipmap_lock();
    test_palette_complex();
    test_p8_rgb_blit();
    test_material();
    test_palette_gdi();
    test_palette_alpha();
    test_lost_device();
    test_surface_desc_lock();
}